To study internal psychological barriers to women's equity in formerly male education and occupational domains, Matthew's scale of attitudes toward women's roles in society was administered to 294 male and 261 female graduate students pursuing degrees in one of six professional areas, three male-dominated and three traditionally female-dominated.…

Women's workforce attachment is becoming increasingly similar to men's, with rising labor force participation rates and overall occupational diversification. However, many factors impede women's ability to achieve the same employment-based economic security that men experience. Although gender-neutral on their face, public policies reinforce…

Challenges to civil rights and affirmative action in the 1990s are identified. Five cases of racial, sex, ethnic, and reverse discrimination behind the Civil Rights bills of 1990 and 1991 are discussed. The ultimate challenge is to demonstrate that if civil rights litigants win, others need not lose. (SLD)

This study examined the academic labor market experiences of 393 recipients of Ford Minority Fellows, Mellon Fellows, and certain Spencer Fellows who had recently completed doctoral degrees. Of the original 393 individuals, 78 percent responded to telephone interviews that focused on their hiring experiences relative to eight prototypes, which…

A permanent national publicity and public relations campaign for learning foreign languages is necessary to the well-being of this country, of its youth, and for the growth and stability of the profession of language teaching. Nine major factors have contributed to the decline in language enrollment: (1) the dropping of foreign language…

In one sense, it has never been easier to be a feminist in composition studies. In another, it has never been harder. While the variety of scholarship is rich and the role models plentiful, there are forces at work that are making it difficult to maintain connections. Among feminists, lately there has been an impulse to define theoretical…

While the mentoring process appears to occur regularly and usually quite effectively in the sciences, it seems not to occur as readily in non-science areas such as the humanities and the social sciences. This study is a follow up to earlier studies that examined interview responses of students who participated in summer research programs. The…

This paper describes the Disability Rights and Independent Living movements, and advocates for increased awareness and leadership. The Independent Living Movement started at the University of California in the 1960s when a group of severely disabled students organized a place where they could live independently. Despite their education and…

This presentation summarizes data available from 1972 through 1985 on employment opportunities for women in sport. Leadership roles addressed are high school coach, high school athletic director, collegiate coach, collegiate athletic director, official, athletic trainer, and sports information director. Although employment opportunities for women…

Two studies examined the effectiveness of a model designed as an instructional aid in teaching college students how to respond to potentially discriminatory employment interview questions. Subjects in the first study, 91 students enrolled in communication classes in a mid-size Wisconsin university who were told that they would be asked to respond…

In creating and maintaining public safety, risks which entail some amount of danger are necessary. These risks must be rated regarding the amount of benefit and danger they would bring in order to ascertain the worthiness of the risk. It is important to realize that risks can often bring greater safety, that many safety devices themselves involve…

The Women's National Press Club (WNPC) existed in Washington, D.C., from 1919 to 1971 primarily because the National Press Club (NPC) refused to admit women. The WNPC offered mutual support in the face of male hostility. Women were virtually cut off from news sources; 20 women had Capitol press gallery privileges in 1879, but they were effectively…

A Computer Integrated Manufacturing System may make it possible for severely disabled people to custom design, machine, and manufacture either wood or metal parts. Programmable automation merges computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing, computer aided engineering, and computer integrated manufacturing systems with automated production…

This paper begins by delineating common characteristics of nannies and indicating aspects of England's nanny training programs. The discussion then focuses on efforts begun in 1985 in Wisconsin to develop nanny training programs through the Vocational, Technical and Adult Education's post-secondary system. Particular emphasis is given to findings…

A study was conducted to: depict the current types of research assistantships in universities; ascertain students' perceptions of their assistantship experiences; depict the specific activities of research assistants; determine whether today's assistantships provide a genuine research apprenticeship; and compare today's assistantships with those…