The present study examined various aspects of the development of learners' fluency in Japanese using a large set of speech samples collected over a long period, using an online speaking practice/assessment system called "Speak Everywhere." The purpose of the present study was to examine: (1) how the fluency related measures changed over…

Recent investments in schools in Sweden focus on increased availability of technology and ways to incorporate digital media in the classroom. Via the computer screen, students are involved in a new type of writing and communication culture that allows for new approaches in literacy instruction and learning (Lorentzen & Smidt, 2010). The…

The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of teacher read-alouds when students use, versus do not use, student companion texts during the read-alouds. Both quantitative and qualitative research data were collected based on an experimental design which randomly assigned 168 low SES, primarily Hispanic, students to either listen-only…

The relationship of reading comprehension accuracy and a contingently administered token reinforcement program used with an elementary level learning disabled student in the classroom was examined. The S earned points for each correct answer made after oral reading sessions. At the conclusion of the class he could exchange his points for rewards.…

The paper describes procedures designed to increase active academic responding in reading by intermediate level learning disabled students in an inner city school. The study investigated a home tutoring program applied by parents and teachers. The program increased the amount of reading time for selected students while providing parents with a…

While the "voice agnostics" are right in pointing to the need for a little more light and a little less heat in defining voice, energies should be focused upon providing a context for students' discoveries about how voice functions and is attained in writing. In the Story Workshop approach to writing instruction the elements from which…

This paper provides information concerning a technique for indexing internal processing during reading. The paper details three criteria necessary for a viable index, discusses techniques currently used for indexing reading behavior, and describes a technique known as "disruptive effect"--the degree to which the probability of occurrence…

The effects of reading to children on the development and production of certain morphological structures are examined in a sample of 20 children, two to seven years old, in matched experimental and control groups. Both groups were pre- and posttested with an adapted form of Berko's nonsense-word test. The experimental group was individually read a…

Research from various fields supports the crucial relationship of speech and writing. Experience with the Story Workshop used in composition classes can show how thinking, speaking, listening, reading, writing, recalling, and immediate audience focus can be integrated into every phase of the writing process. Activities must enable students find…

To test how phonemic awareness influences reading, two experiments were conducted in the northwestern part of England in which twenty pairs of children possessing phonemic awareness (pa+) and lacking phonemic awareness (pa-) and matched for reading and chronological age were compared. In the first experiment, the subjects' ability to detect…

Reading and writing behavior of 12 moderately mentally retarded adolescents was examined. Data were collected on 11 language tasks, including drawing, reacting to print in a book, being read to, and answering questions about reading and writing. Interviews and surveys regarding attitudes toward reading and home environment were completed as well…

Two experiments involving three learning disabled children (8 and 12 years old) investigated the effect of modeling--an adult reading from a child's text at a proficient rate--on children's oral reading. In all cases, Ss' correct and error rates for oral reading improved. Data indicated that modeling might be an appropriate intervention for…

The purpose of this study was to determine the disruptive effect of unknown words on reading and to examine this effect in relationship to grammatical position and modification type. Forty second grade children from two different lower middle class, semirural schools were randomly assigned to the standardization group or the experimental group.…

This study examined the self-regulated strategies college students used as they read their textbooks in preparation for examinations, noting whether they adapted these strategies across the semester. Eight students completed three think aloud sessions across the course of a college class. Each think aloud involved participants studying their…

The manner in which story reading time is enacted by a specific mother and child was investigated. Data were tape recorded story reading sessions between a mother and her three-year-old son over a nine-month period. Forty sessions were recorded from which six were selected for analysis. Analysis centered on how stories were presented to the child,…