This paper outlines several properties of internal representational models (IRMs) and offers terminology that may help to differentiate the models. Properties of IRMs include focus, memory systems, content, cognitive function, "metastructure," quality of attachment, behavioral strategies, and attitude toward attachment. An IRM focuses on…

The intellectual changes of the 19th century were as dramatic as the economic changes of the Industrial Revolution. U.S. citizens at that time subscribed to the traditional belief that a spiritual self, grafted onto the body, was the source of life and thought. The later belief that human beings possessed complete, experiential knowledge of their…

A pilot study examined trends in the appearance of personal advertisements (individuals seeking dates/mates) in the classified columns of daily newspapers located in state capital cities, as well as newspaper guidelines for the acceptance of personal ads. Daily newspapers in the capital city of each state and some of the larger nationally…

Given the findings that females and males of all ages approach sport from markedly different perspectives, sport sociologists have acknowledged sex differences in sport socialization factors and processes. (Sport is defined in its broadest sense to encompass a range of formal and informal sport, fitness, play, and leisure activities.) It has been…

Moral values implied in school practices and policies constitute the "hidden curriculum." Because the hidden curriculum may promote certain moral values to students, teachers are partially responsible for the moral education of students. A component of the hidden curriculum, institutional political resistance, concerns teacher opposition to…

To examine working-class women's attitudes and perceptions about the Women's Movement, a study reviewed 14 collections of interviews with low-income women conducted in the 1970s. Interviews were collected from a variety of sources--academic studies, books written for the general reader, and a large-scale study commissioned by a publisher of…

There are few racial or urban/rural differences in public attitudes toward agriculture and government agricultural policies. The Farming in American Life Study, a collaborative effort by 14 land grant institutions in the South and Midwest, gathered 3,239 completed questionnaires from a national stratified random sample for a completion rate of 46…

A qualitative study exploring the relationships between gender and world view as they manifested themselves in the experiences of 19 beginning faculty members within an elite research university is described. The study was directed by the following questions: (1) Do women and men interpret differently their experiences as beginning faculty in a…

Interpretations from a body of research on the influence of social studies curriculum on socio-moral development are presented. Research areas in the socio-moral domain commonly focus on a moral dilemma discussion approach, classroom climate and controversial issues in the social studies, community service/social action, and cooperative learning.…

Investigated as a function of adults' birth cohort--a group of adults born during a specific time period--were beliefs influencing current attitudes toward parenting that prevail in England and the United States. Particular attention was given to the value attached to parental role in relation to the specific roles of spouse and worker. The total…

As a powerful tool for education, language informs, influences, discloses, and communicates. Research on the use of language has found that it also discriminates. Among the different manifestations of sexism in language are (1) the use of "he" as a generic pronoun; (2) the "generic" use of "man" as an exclusively male referent; (3) the use of "you…

To personalize a course in intercultural communication at a northwestern university, each student is allowed to design an individual project concentrating on a single area of prejudice held by each student. Students select a target area and then treat the problem (and the communication breakdown it represents) as the real enemy. They choose from a…

Positive or negative attitudes toward the number of children a woman has are often thought to be related to ethnicity and religious background. It was hypothesized that Hispanics, when compared with Anglos, would place higher positive values on women with children than on women with no children and that religious identification with the Catholic…

The psychological effects on viewers of the television film "The Day After," designed to dramatize the possibility of nuclear war and its horrible consequences, were examined by this study. Subjects were 435 residents of the Boston metropolitan area who were randomly sampled from area telephone directories and interviewed by telephone.…

The contribution of a structured procedure designed to facilitate the generalization of assertive behavior was examined. Subjects solicited from the community (N=48) were assigned to an assertion training plus generalization instructions (AT Plus), an assertion training only (AT Only), or an attention-placebo control condition. Both behavioral…