Ten mothers and their children (4 to 8 years old) interacted in a situation analogous to that thought to precipitate child abuse. Without directly observing the child, each mother telemetrically monitored her child's performance on a puzzle. Following an error, she selected the intensity of punishment to be delivered. However, the frequency of…

Desirable characteristics of beginning learning experiences and materials for migrant children in day care or early childhood programs are indicated, and a model for planning, constructing, and implementing helpful learning experiences is presented. Specific activities illustrating the application of the model are additionally described.…

Although approximately 24% of children in all forms of child care in the United States receive evening or overnight care, most nighttime child care is unregulated by state licensing standards and faces a number of serious problems. For example, a survey of licensed centers and licensed day care homes offering night care in Seattle, Washington,…

The extent to which television can be used to promote prosocial behavior is examined in this study. A total of 132 boys and girls (age range 8 to 18 years) with behavior problems serious enough to require institutional care participated in the study. The average IQ (WISC) was approximately 88. In the course of a year each of four treatments was…

This report analyses justifications gathered in a series of studies which led intellectually normal infants' school and nursery school children and mildly mentally retarded special day school children to acquire conservation understanding. Two hundred and five children were given a pretest of number, mass, length, liquid, and weight conservation.…

Children three through six years of age were asked to imitate actions depicted in photographs to determine whether they could interpret information of action in photographs. Twenty children at each of four age levels, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years, were asked to imitate two photos, each showing a young child performing a physical action. Following this…

This study proposes to (1) explore the responses of boys and girls at three age levels to several different barrier situations; (2) assess the personality correlates associated with barrier behavior; (3) evaluate covariance differences between the sexes; and (4) determine the relationship between barrier behaviors and sex-role typing. A total of…

This paper reports two related experiments, the first investigating whether children 3-7 years old demonstrate Flavell's Level-2 perspective-taking in a cognitively simple task, and the second re-examining children's performance on a task comparable to the Piagetian 3-mountain perspective-taking task. The first experiment involved a task which…

The research which is most helpful for early childhood education includes findings in learning, developmental psychology, and early childhood program evaluations; the lack of replication of studies makes interpretation difficult. Reassessment of the importance of the early years and present educational goals indicates that increasing emphasis…

Harry completed his first year of primary school (Kindergarten) during 2004 in New South Wales, Australia. He enjoyed school; made great friends; played lots of sport; continued to read quite successfully; was well-liked by his teachers; participated in many activities; and, on reportedly rare occasions, did some mathematics. In this paper,…

Occasions where children oppose each other have been viewed as promoting intellectual development through their association with "transactive" dialogue. Yet such occasions have also been regarded as causing problems for social relations through their association with aggression. Although it is inconceivable that the intellectual and…

This research aims to study the ways in which "local" events of randomness, based on experiencing the outcome of individual events, can be developed into "global" understandings that focus on an aggregated view of probability (e.g. probability of an event). The findings reported in the paper are part of a broader study that adopted a strategy of…

A collaborative approach to program evaluation combined with the use of a variety of evaluation methods using currently available technology can yield valuable information about the effectiveness of family literacy programs. Such an approach was used for McCosh Even Start, a federally-funded family literacy program located at McCosh School in an…

Young children are being fast tracked at early age because of pressures from parents, schools, society, and media. One result is troubled teenagers who experience stress of these pressures without having adult means to cope with them. Time spent with parents and in play activities are activities that help children to gain security, happiness, and…

Discusses how and at what level teachers of young children should be trained by comparing the present training schemes in England, Sweden, and Spain. Suggests the need for (1) rapid expansion of educational provision for children from birth; (2) reconsideration of current curriculum and teaching methodology; and (3) expansion of opportunities for…