This paper describes the instructional design and development of a college critical reading course based on a prescriptive and systematic five-step design model derived from instructional psychology. Emphasis is on the first three steps of instructional design: instructional problem analysis, determination of instructional objectives, and…

The dynamics of verse can be tapped to serve individual readers at the elementary and secondary levels. Choral speaking, or any group speaking together, can eliminate the fear of failure for the lone reader. A verse choir can be organized to use pitch, power, phrasing, tempo, voice quality, and movement to interpret a piece of literature. Although…

Previous studies have reported that disadvantaged children tend to loose the skills and abilities they had acquired in special and/or intervention programs when they are placed in education settings which do not support their needs. Since the 1970 census data tended to indicate that the pupil composition of the schools had changed, it became…

This study investigated whether the teaching of a classification system of context clues will help children to better use context clues and improve their comprehension. One hundred twenty-seven students selected from grades 3-5 in two schools served as subjects. One school was designated as the experimental school, and subjects were taught cause…

Confluent education holds that any learning involves the affective as well as the cognitive domain. Affective components are present in the student, in the subject matter, and in the relationship between the two. Affect and cognition can be brought into meaningful relationship or "confluence" in classroom lessons which teach reading and writing.…

The first step in arriving at techniques for the improvement of reading rate is the careful and thoughtful formulation of a specific objective. Once a reading rate objective has been phrased, the next step is to examine all available resources of help in reaching that objective. These resources include films for use with regular motion picture…

Educators and intellectuals with some sense of humanity should comprehend the hidden message inherent in setting up a dichotomy referring to two linguistic/cultural entities: that one set of structures is sufficient; one is not. For the black student, this message of inferiority is communicated both through the teacher in his instruction,…

This research presents the results of a 10-week qualitative case study that followed the journey of a limited literacy, grade six student as he progressed through a 10-week, one-on-one intensive literacy intervention. A limited literacy student is defined as a student, who has been identified as functioning two or more years behind their peers in…

This report discusses the outcomes of a study that investigated the relationship between students with emotional and behavioral disabilities (EBD) and students with learning disabilities (LD) with regard to academic achievement over time, and examined a limited set of variables hypothesized to be related to academic achievement. The study sample…

A quasi-experimental study compared achievement effects of various configurations of the Success for All (SFA), schoolwide reform model for elementary schools serving many at-risk students, from full implementation (certified tutoring, full-time school-level facilitator, and the family support team) to implementations lacking some elements felt to…

Forty-one research studies completed between 1929 and 1983 investigated the effects of typewriting on the development of children's language arts skills. Information about each of the studies was entered in a Lotus 1-2-3 database containing 43 fields. Effect sizes were calculated for 21 studies. The collected evidence suggests a small positive…

Using an emergent literacy perspective, a qualitative case study examined a child who struggled to become a reader. The study was based on data gathered during a 33-month tutoring intervention extending from the end of repeated first grade to mid-fourth grade. Interviews and documents were used to reconstruct the child's literacy history prior to…

This paper was designed to show that the two seemingly disparate concepts of andragogy (the study of how adults learn) and whole language are compatible and should be considered by planners and implementers of adult literacy programs. Guiding principles that both andragogy and whole language share are: (1) active participation of learners; (2) use…

A great deal can be taught using the newspaper because this medium contains a variety of information in a number of differing formats. Straight news and sports stories can be used to teach or reinforce the skills of attending to detail, comparing and contrasting, categorizing, determining the main idea, understanding vocabulary, sequencing,…

Teachers working with at-risk students must instill in their students the motivation and desire to read. At-risk readers do not value reading in the same way their teachers do. Teachers should strive to make the reading experience one that is relevant to the student both at their present reading level and when their ability to read has improved.…