The purpose of this study was to determine if the moral voices of care and justice, as described by C. Gilligan (1982), would be expressed in the solutions to environmental dilemmas selected by 7th grade students. A further goal was to determine if those voices were differentially expressed by girls and boys, and if that difference was related to…

This study examines the role of discourse in the development of students' understandings of a rule for determining if a number is divisible by 8. The rule was suggested by a student in a seventh-grade mathematics class. Its validity was investigated in whole-class discussions that occurred on 3 consecutive days. In addition to making field notes…

The mathematical behaviors of a group of seventh grade students were observed as part of a longitudinal study of how children build mathematical ideas. The children, having built representations of their solutions to a combinatorics task, were challenged by their teacher to explain and discuss their ideas, and to extend them to similar situations.…

In this study, a researcher-teacher examined seventh-graders' experiences with a problem-centered curriculum and pedagogy. Analyses of interviews, surveys, teaching journal entries, and audio recordings focused on differences between lower- and higher-socioeconomic status (SES) students' reactions to learning mathematics through problem solving.…

Although all people experience interpersonal conflicts in their lives, peer conflicts play a particularly important role for adolescents. Undergoing rapid cognitive, physical, and social changes, adolescents' peers assume increasing importance in their lives. The study reported in this paper focused on peer conflict among adolescents in order to…

The oral reading miscues of three groups of ten children were qualitatively analyzed to determine whether disabled readers approach the reading process as do young normal readers who read at the same level or as average readers of their own chronlogical age. The groups included ten seventh graders and ten fourth graders who read at a fourth grade…

The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive study was to examine how children process different tasks of comprehension presented in graphical form. During the Spring 1981, 8 fourth graders and 9 seventh graders were interviewed. The children were presented with graphs accompanied by six questions reflecting three levels of comprehension:…

The goals of the visual arts program of the Attleboro (MA) public schools, its relationship with the rest of the curriculum, and a study of the effectiveness of the program in seventh grade are described. It is suggested that the visual conceptual skills that are developed through the visual arts program are essential to cognitive processes and…

This study investigated whether composing music with graphic notations would make a significant difference in creativity in composing music as compared to composing music without graphic notations. Participants were 47 male, Australian, seventh grade students attending a private school. Students were divided into two equal groups (an experimental…

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the problem-solving behaviors and perceptions of (n=27) seventh-grade students as they worked on solving a mathematical problem within a small-group setting. An assessment system was developed that allowed for this analysis. To assess problem-solving behaviors within a small group a Group…

This two-part study was done to investigate the effectiveness of the University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP) Transition Mathematics Program implemented by Lexington School District (South Carolina) during the 1993-94 school year. Results on four mathematics subtests of the Stanford Achievement Test, 8th Edition are considered in…

In this article, the meanings students construct and the conceptual advances they make as they deal with ratio and proportion problems are described. The study cites episodes with a second grader, two fifth graders, and three seventh graders. A critical factor in students' comprehension of and solution to ratio and proportion problems is their…

This study is an evaluation one phase of the Biology Critical Thinking (BCT) project. Seven skills were selected as goals of the BCT project (for example, isolating variables) and learning activities for these skills were developed. The study compared two groups using the same textbook (n=678 Israeli seventh grade students). The following…

A study explored how students of differing writing abilities (high, middle or low) approached a revising task that called for both editing (surface level changes) and revising (meaning level changes) and the effect that marking error location had on students' ability to detect and correct the two kinds of errors. Subjects, 12 seventh graders, were…

Apologies and restitutions in the repair attempts of 50 first-, fourth-, and seventh-grade, middle-class, rural girls were investigated to determine what children know about their social environment during a period of social growth and how that knowledge develops. Repair attempts, such as apologies and restitutions, occur when a rule or social…