The personal problem-solving process can be functionally analyzed from a cognitive-behavioral perspective into at least four major performance classes: (1) decision making; (2) problem exploration, differentiation, and definition; (3) identification of response alternatives; and (4) performance of an intended solution response. The personal…

The multidimensional nature of counseling and psychotherapeutic treatment and the wide choice of intervention strategies underscore the desirability of conducting treatment according to preformulated treatment plans. The extent of correspondence between counselors' pretreatment plans for using each of 14 intervention strategies and their…

There is evidence that informal caregiving systems, called natural helping networks, already carry much of the service load of community mental health services, and need to be strengthened to provide even more. Social network analysis is a useful tool for understanding how these informal mechanisms operate, as well as the way in which some…

Each year in the United States, thousands of school-aged children become involved in sexual activities arranged by adults for purposes of pleasure and profit. Nationwide, annual profits from the child pornography industry and from female and male child prostitution are in the tens of millions of dollars. Heretofore, the majority of…

Vocational Exploration is a small group counseling approach for career development, used for helping young people and adults to make more effective career decisions by combining group dynamics and career development theory and procedures. The process consists of five phases, where five participants and a counselor progress through 18 sequenced…

Situational and personal barriers to the educational goals of nonwhite youths in Florida appear to be caused by a variety of subtle and complex factors deeply rooted in the environment of the youths: (1) cultural determinism; (2) attitudes of resistance and antagonism on the part of white teachers and counselors; (3) lack of information on the…

Job satisfaction levels and attitudes of 47 administrators and outpatient staff working in two comprehensive community mental health centers were compared using multivariate analysis. No significant differences were found between administrators and staff, nor were any inter-agency job satisfaction differences noted. However, the agencies were…

Instructional Development (I.D.) encounters are dependent for success on such variables as power, politics, promotion, and organizational placement. I.D. consultants must be aware of power bases or orientation of other personnel and clients, e.g., these four "power personalities" which affect their efforts in managing I.D. encounters: the gate…

In the field of child abuse, the psychologist's role is twofold: assessment of the dynamics involved in the particular case, and treatment. The psychologist's assessment could provide relevant information concerning whether to remove a child from the home, whether there is a danger to siblings, or whether the case would be amenable to treatment.…

This address by the Director, Office of Career Education (OE) discusses the relationships between career guidance and career education. In particular, it examines the questions concerning: (1) differences in meaning between the terms "career guidance" and "career education," (2) whether counselors should seek to become "career education…

The Model Schools Project sponsored by The National Association of Secondary School Principals calls for the teacher to assume the responsibility of guiding approximately 30 students regarding their schedule and independent study needs and, as a friend, about their everyday problems. The professional counselor's responsibilities are to those…

To assist consumers in achieving realistic and attainable rehabilitation goals, counselors must be skilled in using a negotiation approach directed at identifying win-win outcomes. Ways in which to achieve these mutually satisfactory rehabilitation plans are described in this paper. It is emphasized that successful rehabilitation outcomes depend…

In times of crisis, students, teachers, and other staff members can be deeply affected. Since a crisis can occur at any time, having an effective crisis intervention plan for school personnel in place is important. Immediate intervention following an emergency may help students deal with the immediate after effects of a death or loss and may…

Women continue to be underrepresented in scientific and business careers, yet little is known about the impact of women's school experiences on their career development. To investigate how educational institutions encourage and discourage women entering scientific and business careers, 50 female college seniors in these majors were interviewed and…

After a short background introduction on educational and vocational guidance in West Germany, this paper, written for counselors and educators, focuses on three main areas: (1) a 3-year training program for all West German employment counselors; (2) a school orientation program offered to grade 8 students by the employment counselors; and (3) a…