Educational evaluation is ideally much broader than the examination of students' work at stipulated intervals. It addresses the selection of objectives, the methodology, the capability of management, the adequacy of data sources, the resources required, and even the alternative educational purposes that could be served. This study evaluates the…

This presentation, which is based in part on a cross-cultural survey of East Africans and also on research conducted in Ethiopia, highlights the importance of traditional knowledge of midwifery. Examples of traditional skills in pregancy and birth care, and of child care and child rearing in several East African countries, are offered. It is…

There is now consensus among educators in Papua New Guinea that literacy efforts must be strengthened through closer bonding of literacy with information-that-matters. Papua New Guinea's Cabinet has recently endorsed a National Literacy and Awareness Program linking literacy projects with public awareness campaigns, hoping to increase support for…

Education is a national concern in Zimbabwe because prior to independence in 1980, Africans were formally and informally prevented from sharing in the educational opportunities that were available to Whites. Zimbabwe is a young country that has made great strides since independence. They have touched large numbers of people with beginning…

The contributors to this document compare the main approaches to agricultural extension in sub-Saharan Africa; the cost-effectiveness in view of precarious national budgets; the weaknesses of the system for generating technology; the difficulties in forging productive partnerships between researchers, extensionists and farmers; the ineffective…

This paper addresses the logic and the structure of economic motivations for adult literacy promotion. It uses as an example the People's Republic of China to demonstrate how economic motivations can best serve the cause of adult literacy and suggests applying these concepts to India. The paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, the…

Papua New Guinea has made tremendous progress by officially recognizing the value of vernacular languages as a resource in the sociocultural, economic, and political development of the country. Many of the strategies of implementation reflect the peculiarities identified with the current momentum in literacy. The strong lower level involvement in…

The overall effectiveness of national family planning programs in developing countries is most likely to be achieved in countries where a strong, stable political system has been the major vehicle in sustained efforts of modernization and development. In this context, a study of 30 non-Communist developing countries during 1960-1975 shows that a…

This paper reviews a single, large-scale evaluation of a long-term, aid-financed program in some practical subjects in Kenyan secondary schools. The analysis presented is a meta-evaluation, an evaluation of an evaluation, undertaken by two of the authors of the evaluation. A brief account of the evaluation project is first provided. This is…

A study examined whether the presence of certain news values, particularly those identified by Western journalists as important, affect reader interest in a news story. Timeliness, prominence, cultural proximity, and conflict, separate and in combination, were the four news values (independent variables) under study. The dependent variable, reader…

Like many developing countries, Mauritius has invested massively in its education system in the hope of redressing inequalities among its ethnically mixed population and developing the economy through the provision of manpower. But Mauritius is a very economically troubled country, and providing educational equity will be extremely difficult. In…

A study tested a causal model of international communication media appraisal using audience evaluations of tests of two films conducted in the Philippines. It was the fourth in a series of tests of the model in both developed and developing countries. In general the model posited determinative relationships between three exogenous variables…

Expectations that international efforts to promote education would lead to widespread economic development faltered in the late 1970's as educational theorists became increasingly aware of the realities of inadequate resources, underestimated self-interest among the economically and politically powerful, and incompletely comprehended relationships…

Measures were proposed that would enable UNICEF, in association with others and despite prevailing difficult economic circumstances, to more effectively bring well-being and hope to hundreds of millions of children. Specific proposals were designed to help most countries accelerate child survival and development. Most particularly, it was…

American attitudes toward foreign aid for population control have changed dramatically since the period following World War II, when birth control assistance was considered too controversial for government funding. With growing national and international concern about population growth and poverty in the developing nations and through the efforts…