This study analyzes the use and distribution patterns of the Discourse Marker (DM) "You Know" in interviews with members of a Hispanic folklore dance troupe. The study attempts to demonstrate how the use of this DM expresses identity among Hispanic females and if its use is affected by the ethnic labels each speaker uses. By assessing…

Techniques for teaching marketing to students of business Spanish are discussed, including an examination and classification of marketing concepts, analysis of the significant and growing United States Hispanic market, and English- and Spanish-language samples of computer-assisted instructional (CAI) materials used in two colleges (Youngstown…

A study was conducted to assess the validity of translations of two different forms of a licensing examination for cosmetologists in Florida to ensure that both Spanish and English candidates have equal chances of being licensed. The LISREL computer program was used to test the equivalence of factor structure, units of measurement, and standard…

A bilingual rating scale was constructed to determine teachers' ratings of attitude and proficiency among Anglo and Spanish children in Title VII classes. This instrument was designed to ascertain how teachers perceive the pupils in their classroom and how two teachers representing different backgrounds perceive children of similar and different…

The intent of this paper is to examine dual language instruction by describing a 50-50 language immersion program operating at Leigh Elementary School in Phoenix, Arizona. Specifically examined are the challenges encountered as school personnel worked to provide language minority students with greater opportunities to learn in six dual language…

There are two good reasons for incorporating historical linguistic insight into second language instruction: (1) to answer students' questions about why certain puzzling facts and irregularities occur in the language they are studying; and (2) as in other disciplines, a historical perspective can shed light on current practice. From a historical…

An analysis of the structure and interpretation of Spanish adverbs ending in "-mente" focuses on the grammatical status of the constituent elements of those words. It begins by looking at the grammatical properties of "-mente" adverbs (MAs), the word-level properties of MA constituents, and the compound types and their…

Because the nonverbal component of communication is culture-specific, effective communication in a second language requires knowledge of the body language typical of speakers of that language. For example, Americans and Hispanics have a different sense of proxemics, Hispanics favoring closeness during conversation. Instruction in nonverbal…

Recent surveys of library personnel conducted by the American Library Association indicate that educators responsible for planning and implementing library education programs have not been effective in recruiting and training Spanish surnamed and American Indian persons for library service. Recommendations for improving library education programs…

This dialogue between a psychiatrist and a psychologist on the subject of folk healers versus classical mental health therapists attempts to shorten the gap between the two specialties. To accomplish this, steps were taken at a mental health center to: (1) identify mediums in their program; (2) visit spiritual centers and observe their "modus…

The current status of research on the Hispanic Elderly indicates that very little has been written. Most of the published material is dated, unreliable, inconclusive, and scattered throughout the historical and social literature world. To date, research regarding the Hispanic Community is seriously defective both statistically and in its…

This study examined discourse markers (DM) in Spanish that distinguished themselves by their frequency of use in dyadic interaction among young bilingual speakers in Sweden. It also established the distribution of DM in conversation. The DM were classified as initial markers (IM), corpus markers (CM), and terminal markers (TM). The study involved…

This study followed a child born in a bilingual (English and Spanish) family who had daily exposure to both languages since birth. The study examined how bilingual acquisition proceeded in this child who was receiving different, often contradictory, cues from the structure of the two languages. The family lived in Barcelona, Spain, and the child…

Investigates an automatic method for Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) that utilizes the multilingual Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus to translate Spanish natural-language queries into English. Results indicate that for Spanish, the UMLS Metathesaurus-based CLIR method is at least equivalent to if not better than…

Determining the cross-cultural equivalence of multilingual tests is a challenge that is more complex than simple horizontal equating of test forms. This study examines the functioning of a trilingual test of preschool readiness to determine the equivalence. Different forms of the test have previously been examined using classical statistical…