Recent studies of the history of working-class leisure have rested on the conceptualization of leisure as both public and male. A study of the living conditions, recreational activities, and family budgets of white working-class New Yorkers between 1880 and 1920 suggests broad ways in which working women's leisure activities contributed to a…

Although women continue to obtain full-time jobs at ever increasing rates, they remain dramatically underrepresented at the managerial level. To examine the impact of physical attractiveness and job type (traditional or nontraditional), and the interaction of these two factors on attributions about women's competence, 174 working adults (76 males…

To estimate variables describing identity change, Finnish housewives with work skills were interviewed after their children entered school. Thirty mothers who had remained at home with their preschool-age children were interviewed twice: once when their youngest child was 8 years of age and again when the child was 11. Of these mothers 15 were…

Historically women have engaged in three types of work: non-wage (work in the household for family use), market work in the home (e.g., home sewing and the selling of home-processed and -cooked foods), and wage work. As the border states industrialized and developed economically, non-wage labor intensified, production at home for the market…

The degree to which wives' work decisions reflect the fulfillment of efficiency principles versus a response to social norms and personal needs was analyzed. The National Longitudinal Survey of Women, who were 30 to 44 years of age, provided the data base. To determine if women's work decisions were consistent with maximizing their economic return…

Societal changes have caused new directions for research on interest measurement. Specifically, the woman's movement of the early 1970s with the resultant awareness of sex inequities in the U.S. occupational distribution, has encouraged changes in gender-free occupational titles and equal endorsements by sex within scales of item pools and revised…

Although women are making inroads into administrative positions in higher education, discrimination still is evident. To establish guidelines for the woman newly entering the administrative field, achieving women in higher education were surveyed to provide insights into their characteristics and the strategies they employed to attain their…

The employment status of nurses was examined in the context of a role-conflict/job-satisfaction model. Data were analyzed from questionnaires from 4,191 nurses currently employed in hospitals or not employed at all. The sample was from a major metropolitan area in the Midwest. The most satisfying aspects of nursing work were shown to be working…

Adopting the viewpoint of the women students involved, this paper examines the first two decades of academic journalism (1908-1930). Pointing out that women students were a sizeable element in journalism schools from their beginning in 1908, the paper calls attention to the fact that women and men students were prepared for quite different lives,…

The kinds of vocational guidance available to women from 1910 to 1940 are discussed in this paper. As the number of women college graduates increased in the 1890s and especially in the first decade of the 20th century, concern also grew for what all these trained women would do to earn a living after they graduated and before they married (if they…

Problems of developing countries that could be addressed with studies of time use are identified and associated methodological issues are discussed. Time use studies investigate how individuals allocate time among various activities. Such studies have revealed sex and age differences in time spent at work among adults and children of various…

Previous studies by Newman, Whittemore, and Newman (NWN) reported that between the years 1959 and 1963 and the years 1962 and 1967, percentages of women in the labor force increased as well as suicide rates. The role of women in the labor force was indicative of anomie, which correlated with suicide. The relationship between working women and…

Since the reemergence of the women's movement in the early 1970's, it has been necessary to reexamine women's definitions of success and attitudes toward work across a spectrum of traditional and non-traditional jobs. Three basic hypotheses were tested: women in female-dominated jobs (1) have higher fear of success imagery and (2) attach more…

This keynote address was presented at Women's Career Day in Computer Sciences at the University of Southern California on October 7, 1978. It gives evidence for the increase in participation of women in science and engineering programs at colleges and universities, as well as the job market. Opportunities for women in the field of computer science…

Data from in-depth interviews with more than one hundred women over a three-year period suggest that the experience of women in skilled and semiskilled jobs contradicts the conventional wisdom about the values and motives of these women and challenge many sociological findings regarding the alienating character of much blue collar work. The women…