Strain in the profession of pharmacy over conflicts between basic and natural science perspectives is attributed to several factors: the many facets of the profession, divergent interests, political uncertainty, social change, members' aspirations, and curriculum studies. Greater use of computers is encouraged. (MSE)

Freedom means the right of the universities to do their scientific activities and to regulate and do the higher education through their organs. The three feet that make up the university freedom are scientific freedom, administrative freedom and financial freedom. Scientific freedom is realized by the freedom of the faculty and teaching staff and…

Paradoxically, Japan presents both a difficult and promising setting for the advancement of critical thinking skills. One deep-rooted obstacle stems from anti-rational ideological traditions and prejudices. Another comes from the rigidly hierarchical, conformist nature of Japanese society, which does not encourage divergent opinions or their…

"Autonomous" and "ideological" models of literacy are discussed in the context of the literacy-culture-politics relationship. Assumptions underlying literacy, nationalism, assessment, and the links among them are questioned, and approaches to alternative assessment procedures are considered. Arguments about the formation and…

The founding of western frontier colleges is examined in light of the changing patterns of theological thought present in the Antebellum period. It is suggested that Donald G. Tewksbury's (1969) comprehensive study of the Antebellum colleges provided an important theoretical framework. In this work, "The Founding of American Colleges and…

High school students determine and meet the economic needs of imaginary island countries in this student-teacher created simulation game. The class is divided into six countries which determine their own economic system. Each group is provided with a summary of the current world economic situation and a confidential description of their own…

Contrary to the prevailing view that 1952 was the year of the first nationally televised political conventions, only 32 states had TV stations at that time; nor did the term "TV candidate" originate in the Kennedy (1960) or Nixon (1968) campaigns. In fact, it is Dwight Eisenhower and the campaign of 1956 that deserve this recognition.…

Expectancy effects--the unconscious shaping of receiver behavior by signalling sender expectations--while recognized in science, have not been documented extensively from a communication perspective, nor are nonverbal aspects of expectancy effects fully known. Expectancy is a function of three elements, the sender's predisposition (including…

For an exploration of the components and sources of disputatiousness, Canadian education administrators identified 181 legislators and school board members in 5 regions (British Columbia, Quebec, Prairie provinces, Atlantic provinces, and Ontario) who provided data in interviews. Two coders' judgments of interview transcripts subjected to factor…

A national language is useful as one means of creating social cohesion at the level of the whole country. It is also a symbol of national identity and of a nation's distinction from other countries. Probably no nation will ever be fully satisfied with a language that is a national language in the symbolic sense only, but the symbolic function of a…

H. A. Chadwick bought one-half interest in the Seattle "Argus" in 1894 and through this newspaper expressed the sentiments of the progressive movement of his time, a combination of reform-oriented and conservative forces. The newspaper was only six weeks old and deep in debt when Chadwick took over the editorial duties and he quickly…

In an attempt to explore the press's power to influence its readers and viewers, a study replicated other agenda-setting research using content analysis of the media and a telephone survey of residents of Defiance, Ohio. Subjects, 364 residents (representing a 45% response rate), were asked to grade the mayor on the best and worst things he had…

Spanish American political and economic development has historically diverged from the other Western geographic areas. The economic systems of these nations have been characterized as dependent, and their political systems have reflected instability, authoritarian rule, and fraudulent democracy. In Peru, industrial progress began in the late 19th…

The Know-Nothing party of the 1850s was the first nativist party in American politics to gain importance and serves as an exemplar of how cultural nativism may be captured and turned toward political goals. The resurgence of nativist sentiment in the Know-Nothing era provides an excellent example of a rhetorical situation which seriously…

This paper discusses the relationship between national identity and the so-called "marginal" areas of Irish television, i.e., advertisements, continuity announcements, and promotional trailers. The following issues are considered: (1) how these "spaces" between television programs compare in terms of use and influence to…