This study describes the use of meta-synthesis to review a large body of research literature and systematically synthesize the findings in an effort to develop a more informed understanding of a particular area of interest. Sections of the paper review similarities and differences among meta-analysis, meta-ethnography, and meta-synthesis; review a…

Against an historical backdrop, this paper summarizes four uses of intraclass correlation of importance to contemporary researchers in the behavioral sciences. First, it shows how the intraclass correlation coefficient can be used to adjust confidence intervals for statistical significance testing when data are intracorrelated and the independence…

Develops a way to conceptualize the complementarity of quantitative and qualitative research in science education, demonstrating through analysis of examples that qualitative and quantitative research reports follow the same pattern of argument, although the metaphysical roots behind their methodologies are obviously different. (Author/SK)

Classical test theory is contrasted with new rules of measurement. In the newer, model-based test theory, item response theory (IRT), some old rules of measurement no longer apply. Six old rules that conflict with the new rules are reviewed. Sources of additional information about IRT are listed. (SLD)

Considers the doubts the author has had about the design of an award winning study, focusing especially on a researcher's obligation to help the teachers with whom the researcher is working, even at the risk of jeopardizing a study's design. Traces the way that her engagement with that question has led to her current professional commitments. (SC)

Background: Action research is a meaningful form of research because it is conducted by the teacher in his or her own classroom. Action research requires a teacher to design a study in an area of interest and conduct it in their own classroom. Action research is a requirement for some masters of education programs in the United States. Purpose: To…

By employing a concomitant variable, block designs and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) can be used to improve the power of traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) by reducing error. If subjects are randomly assigned to treatments without considering the concomitant variable, an experiment uses a post-hoc approach. Otherwise, an a priori approach…

Standard statistical methods are used to analyze data that is assumed to be collected using a simple random sampling scheme. These methods, however, tend to underestimate variance when the data is collected with a cluster design, which is often found in educational survey research. The purposes of this paper are to demonstrate how a cluster design…

Randomization tests have been suggested as a method for analyzing the data from single-case designs. This paper explores three concerns which have arisen: the nonresponsive nature of randomization tests, the appropriateness of specific test statistics and the power of these tests. An example is given to illustrate how partial control can be given…

In 1955, R. Levine introduced two linear equating procedures for the common-item non-equivalent populations design. His procedures make the same assumptions about true scores; they differ in terms of the nature of the equating function used. In this paper, two parameterizations of a classical congeneric model are introduced to model the variables…

This study presents several analyses of doctoral dissertation research completed by students in instructional design and technology (ID&T) programs from 1977 through 1988: (1) the number of dissertations completed during each of the 12 years; (2) the 46 U.S. institutions at which the research was done and the number of doctoral degrees in ID&T…

The effects of various discourse variables on the psycholinguistic processing of sentences within paragraphs by 36 competent adult readers were investigated. Eye movement measures were used as the dependent variables reflecting psycholinguistic processing. When all of the constraints within which the study had to be performed were examined, it…

Although the theory and research of Lawrence Kohlberg have been the dominant approach in the study of moral reasoning and moral development, his procedures have been criticized in three areas: (1) reliability and validity; (2) applicability to daily experience; and (3) inadequate sampling. To examine the characteristics of moral problems…

Many problems confront researchers who are developing appropriate methods to determine the effects of sexual abuse. Particularly serious problems arise when the victims are children who were abused while attending a day care center. Several methods for studying child sexual abuse have been recommended. This paper discusses problems researchers…

A kindergarten teacher reviews research findings on aspects of children's diet that may influence behavior and the ability to learn. Introductory discussion presents vignettes relating kindergarten children's behavioral responses to dietary intake. A brief background section offering dietary tips is followed by relatively extended discussions of…