Four aspects related to self-esteem and academic achievement were addressed in the review. The first goal was to address methodological considerations of self-esteem measurement. Support for some self-esteem measures, as well as caveats and directions for future research, were indicated. The second goal was to determine whether a relationship…

Using data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEO) for 1990, 1996, and 2000, this study examined trends related to race and socioeconomic status (SES) in student mathematics achievement, beliefs, classroom experiences, course taking patterns, and teachers' educational backgrounds. Although overall mathematics achievement…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the viability of the property of parameter invariance for the one-parameter (1P), two-parameter (2P), and three-parameter (3P) item response theory (IRT) models for the Medical College Admissions Tests (MCAT). Invariance of item parameters across different gender, ethnic, and language groups and the…

In 1989, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) published the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards, setting a course for K-12 mathematics teaching and learning. More than a decade later, this study provides an important and timely analysis of trends in mathematics instruction and outcomes, with attention to race- and SES-related…

Ethnic differences on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) were studied in the restandardization sample of 75 African American and 725 white men and 65 African American and 743 white women. The MMPI-2 scales were not differentially accurate in predicting relevant characteristics for both groups. (SLD)

Studied school suspensions in a large metropolitan school district in which minority students were overrepresented in discipline reports. Study of suspensions at five middle schools and high schools shows inconsistent reporting of disciplinary and suspension data, making it difficult to quantify racial and class bias that appears to exist. (SLD)

Suggests that it is not possible to discuss technical aspects of technique and measurement until social scientists have come to grips with the epistemological and biographical problematics of the social sciences and their uses, especially the traditional frameworks, including those of race, that hinder the ability to evaluate culturally and…

Two graduate students teaching a required first-year composition course at the University of Arizona designed a classroom environment in which they could explore with students the invisible rules governing black and white people's notions of what constitutes "appropriate" communication. In many ways, their efforts at this large, public…

Being black and disabled are characteristics which are frequently rejected by the larger society. When counselors and black disabled clients come together, they usually bring different life experiences because of physical abilities and race. There may be more similarities if both the client and counselor are disabled or both are of the same race.…

Two studies examined racial differences in regard to childhood sexual experiences and the proportion of wife abuse reported by black and white women. The first study examined the childhood sexual experiences of women (N=501) and the relationship of these experiences to their adult functioning. A majority of women (55%) reported having some type of…

Specific and unique information processing patterns have been developed by Black Americans as a result of coping with and adapting to a color-conscious society. A review of the literature shows that the major variation in the processing of information which seems to be uniquely Black American occurs in their patterns of perception. Specifically,…

Although the first research on race and socioeconomic differences in nonverbal behavior was conducted in the 1930's, interest in these issues was not sustained. In order to further understanding of these previous studies, all the nonverbal categories that included more than three studies investigating race and class differences were examined. The…

Past research on interpersonal trust has been conducted almost exclusively on white samples, and the generalizability of these findings to blacks and other minority groups is unclear. To examine the relationship of trust to attitudes and behaviors in college students, 100 black and 131 white students completed a questionnaire packet, which…

Intelligence quotient (IQ) differences among groups according to sex, and demographic and other variables have been explored for a variety of intelligence tests. This investigation analyzed data from the standardization sample for the 1981 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) to determine the relationship of WAIS-R IQs to the…

Arthur Jensen has argued that genetic differences in abstract reasoning ability, not cultural bias in the test item, are the causes of differences in standardized test performance between American Blacks and Whites. He used a study by Frank McGurk to support his argument. McGurk's study used test items judged most cultural or least cultural. These…