Discusses the problems of developing research in educational administration from the perspective of the independent researcher. Raises questions about the development of educational research and about the sponsorship and funding of research in the United Kingdom. (Author/IRT)

Reviews the role of the federal government in the development of national school desegregation policy over the past 35 years. Concludes that desegregation requires active federal support, but desegregation effects are limited by political backlash and conflicting judicial interpretations. Suggests a future federal role. (FMW)

Discusses government intervention in language matters in Quebec, particularly in the area of terminology. A language planning model developed by the "Office de la langue francaise" consists of internal neologistic planning followed by the extension of these efforts to other francophone communities, particularly those in Europe.…

This paper addresses the importance of a high quality preschool education for children living in poverty, the long-term effects of such an educational experience, the long-term economic benefits to the children enrolled and their families, and the potential impact of privatization on preschool services. The cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of…

The current move toward decentralized curriculum work throughout the western world marks a reversal of a historical trend: the gradual shifting from local to national control. In Norway, this trend is manifested by the emergence of changing conceptions of curriculum work, curriculum administration, and the nature of curriculum guidelines as…

It is argued in this address that public education, with its goal of widely distributed excellence, underlies basic American values. The classroom teacher is perceived as the central focus of the entire educational process, and ways of providing meaningful support to teachers are briefly suggested. New realities that the public and teachers must…

To determine the consumption benefits of education, this report details a study that explored the cost placed on items or services associated with basic literacy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The first section both explains why consumer prices for books, newspapers, and postage are valid indicators of the consumption benefits of…

A study examined cable access centers--studios established by cable television systems for the use of community groups, institutions, and individuals--in order to identify the characteristics of those used frequently. Data were gathered from 119 respondents concerning 34 access centers in major metropolitan areas in the United States. The findings…

This paper provides an overview of the emergence of U.S. nursery schools. Sections concern: (1) the status of nursery schools in the United States before 1933; (2) the economic crisis of 1929; (3) the creation of federal programs; (4) authorization of emergency nursery schools; and (5) the involvement of the National Advisory Committee. Early…

A discussion of the structure of higher education finance begins by establishing a framework for examining the flow of money between and among three parties: students (consumers), institutions (producers), and governments (sponsors). The financial flows between these parties are charted, and the use of the model to describe differences in the…

The American Newspaper Association's 1986 compilation of 45 newspaper antitrust actions filed since 1980 revealed that the majority of antitrust actions during that period involved disputes over advertising practices. The federal government was virtually absent in its enforcement of antitrust laws against newspapers. About one-third of the…

This paper argues that in recent years the number of aliens being denied nonimmigrant visas to the United States because of their liberal political views has increased. The roles of each of the branches of government in the procedure of denying visas are reviewed. The number of visa denials in the lower courts has risen dramatically since 1980,…

All governments or ruling parties contain competing agencies, powerful individuals or small groups that are able to commit government resources to their viewpoint on foreign policy. These configurations make up the ultimate decision unit, whose properties modify the precise character of its government's actions. The first part of this paper…

The emergence of frequency modulation or FM radio signals, which arose from the desire to free broadcasting of static noise common to amplitude modulation or AM, has produced the controversial development of stereo broadcasting. The resulting enhancement of sound quality helped FM pass AM in audience shares in less than two decades. The basic…

Historically, radio broadcasting has been affected by innovational, social, technological, and economic change. For instance, FM (frequency modulation) radio emerged out of a desire to free broadcasting of static noise common to AM (amplitude modulation) signals. The eventual response by AM was to improve the technology of the signal. The inquiry…