To examine working-class women's attitudes and perceptions about the Women's Movement, a study reviewed 14 collections of interviews with low-income women conducted in the 1970s. Interviews were collected from a variety of sources--academic studies, books written for the general reader, and a large-scale study commissioned by a publisher of…

Traditional ideals discourage Japanese women from working outside the home. This study was conducted to explore generational differences in Japanese attitudes toward women's employment and to interpret those differences in terms of social change. Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 900 Japanese men and women. Subjects were classified…

Although women's roles in America had previously been confined to home and family, women in the 1960's began to look for professional fulfillment outside the home. A recent survey of 300 midlife Boston women reveals that women who are married, have children, and are in prestigious positions have the greatest sense of well-being. The women's…

Conditions and elements that affect women's participation in the sciences and career advancement opportunities are examined in this report. A review of the status of women scientists as well as descriptions of strategies for increasing participation in the sciences are presented. In the status reports, gender-stereotyped career expectations and…

Sexual harassment is difficult to define. A study was undertaken to examine four variables related to sexual harassment: (1) sexual harassment when behaviors are unwelcome and sexual; (2) unwelcome nonsexual behavior called nonsexual aggravation; (3) welcome sexual behavior which includes organizationally dysfunctional relations and…

A longitudinal study of the relative influence of wives and husbands in deciding whether a wife should work was conducted in Seattle, Washington. A sample of 378 married couples of similar socioeconomic status (SES) was interviewed in 1977, and of these, 349 couples were interviewed a year later. The husbands' perceptions of the relative influence…

Although women in North Carolina increasingly enter the work force to stay and their "protected" status in marriage is no longer secure, North Carolina's women do not have economic equality under law with men. Husbands have full rights to the rents, profit, and control of entirety property and real estate during marriage; and no women…

Reviewing health related "costs" of female labor force participation, this paper examines four highly salient maternal and child health issues. Discussion of acute illness in day care settings begins with an overview of studies on day care and illness and focuses on hepatitis A, appropriate sanitation, and indications of research on…

As more women pursue professional careers, studies that examine the role of work in the development of women's identity are needed. To explore the developmental issues of women administrators in higher education, selected data were examined from a comprehensive study of 270 women in educational administration. Interviews related to career…

Executive orders concerning nondiscrimination in employment have been issued by past administrations from Roosevelt to Kennedy. It was President Johnson who first used the term "affirmative action" in advocating employment regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin and who instituted requirements for organizations to develop affirmative…

Several reasons exist for the wide variation in estimates on the prevalence of alcohol abuse among women from one study to another. An attempt to establish the prevalence of alcohol abuse among both men and women in the working population employed the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST) and the Iowa Alcoholic Stages Index (ASI) as…

Two contrasting predictions regarding the effects of dual- versus single-career marriage on children's sex-role identification were tested: (1) the relative lack of sex-role differentiation in dual-career marriages should promote relatively androgynous sex-role identification in children from such families; and (2) the presence of two…

A common assumption is that women do not aspire to become public school administrators, but a two-part study in Oregon on women who have actively pursued careers in public school administration contradicts this supposition. The data were collected from questionnaire responses and in-depth interviews. The typical female aspirant in Oregon possesses…

In this report, the proceedings during a conference on women in public life are described. Four papers given at the conference, "After Mexico City, What?" by Elizabeth Reid, "The American Woman In A Changing World," by Barbara Jordan, "American Women and American Foreign Policy,.. by Carol Laise, and "Power--How To…

Until recently there has been little research interest in the possible impact of sex on leadership. Both general leadership research and the more recent materials on women who are leaders concentrated upon three areas of leadership--personality, style, and power--with the subordinate reactions they elicit. Traditionally, women have been viewed by…