Sibling conflicts are formative opportunities for children to learn constructive conflict strategies such as negotiation and compromise; however, they also provide a forum for learning destructive strategies such as verbal and physical aggression. This study explored mothers' perceptions about how frequent, serious, and typical sibling aggression…

Nonverbal communicative behaviors are a primary channel for emotional expression. Emotions, in turn, strongly influence nonverbal communication displays. Thus, the role of emotions should be a central consideration in nonverbal communication studies. A study examined 34 articles, published in the "Journal of Nonverbal Behavior" between…

Vagal tone, a measure of the neural modulation of heart rate, has been associated with greater emotional expressiveness during infancy, but with a decrease in facial expressivity in preschool children. This study examined the relationship between vagal tone and the emotion regulation abilities of preschool girls and boys. The study population…

This paper analyzes precursors of aggressive behavior and discusses the trait characteristics of aggression. The accumulating evidence for the heritability of aggression, the consistent physiological differences found between aggressive and non-aggressive subjects, the fact that males exhibit more aggression than females, and the belief that…

A study measured students' emotional response to teacher behaviors based upon the theory of implicit communication. Subjects, 281 undergraduate student volunteers of preexisting, intact introductory communication courses at a southwestern university, completed questionnaires. As in previous research, teacher use of affinity-seeking behaviors…

In an examination of the way people store and retrieve information from advertising, this paper draws a distinction between "semantic" memory, which stores general knowledge about the world, and "episodic" memory, which stores information about specific events. It then argues that episodic memory plays a more significant role…

This study explored the effects of the presence of another person on males' and females' experience and expression of emotion. In either the presence or absence of a confederate experimenter, 33 female and 34 male college students were asked to select a teacher and student from their high school and then to give impersonal or personal information…

A situation in which an individual harbors intense, unexpressed feelings is referred to as "unfinished business." Several schools of psychotherapy suggest that an individual must find closure for important unfinished events in one's past in order to experience life fully. Because observations of the behavior of individuals at the Vietnam…

Reaching millions of people weekly, film is possibly the most persuasive of all media today. Its success is due to the combination of the filmmakers' shrewd audience analysis and audience techniques with the medium's ability to involve viewers intellectually, emotionally, and even physically in the vivid images on the screen. Once a major means of…

There has been virtually no investigation of the differences between male and female responses to unjust conditions. This study is a meta-analysis of those studies investigating the conditions under which individuals will assume responsibility for lower outcomes under unjust discriminatory practices. Three conditions were investigated which…

The emotional impact of televised interpersonal dramas was investigated, with specific emphasis being given to age- and gender-related differences in children's spontaneous nonverbal expressive reactions. Participants were 27 female and 22 male children in three age groups: 4-5, 7-8, and 13-14 years. Facial expressions were unobtrusively…

Children's developing concept of time is important in socialization, but a contradiction is implied in asking children to educate themselves for the future when both children and adults are aware of the threat of nuclear annihilation. The development of time concepts can be traced through infancy, preschool, elementary school and adolescence, and…

War bereavement has excruciating consequences for the families of victims. To examine the cultural differences in mourning, wartime bereavement, and psychopathology among United States and Israeli families, 20 American families of soldiers who died in the Vietnam War and 20 Israeli families of soldiers who died in the Yom Kippur War were…

Basic intervention strategies for dealing with client resistance include psychoanalytic, learning/behavioral, and hypnotic/paradoxical. Psychoanalytic theory views resistance as a way to avoid the anxiety aroused by increasing awareness of unconscious materials and vulnerable areas in the person's life. Resistance is dealt with after it has…

Most theories of attributions are multidimensional, suggesting that specific causal factors can be classified along such dimensions as internal-external, stable-unstable, or controllable-uncontrollable. To examine the dimensions underlying causal attributions in an educational setting, 345 students who had just received a grade on a major course…