This article summarizes and discusses some of the studies which relate parental attributes to children's achievement orientations, that is, both achievement motivation and achievement behavior. The warmth-hostility dimension is one of two main parental dimensions which have continually arisen in factor analyses of child rearing patterns. The other…

This paper presents a theory of shame development and resolution. Shame is a primary effect that is induced interpersonally. Shame inducement occurs when one significant person breaks the interpersonal bridge with another. Following internalization of shame within the personality, shame activation becomes an autonomous function of the self and the…

Elementary Boys' generosity toward peers following a success experience varied according to resulting positive and negative affects. Role of context of success relative to affective arousal and generosity were explored. Results indicated importance of considering the context of success and relevance of negative affects induced by a success…

The 21st century promises to make very different demands on our children and schools in a knowledge-based society. A slow but dynamic shift has been occurring in the Singapore educational system toward a learning nation and thinking school ethos. In the midst of this change, children will need to acquire a new set of skills. They will need to be…

This study examined how children's emotions affect their responses to adult conflict. A total of 64 children aged 4 through 8 heard a simulated interadult conflict in the next room after they were induced to feel angry, sad, happy, or "just O.K." Assessments of children's affect, cognitions, and behaviors consistently revealed that…

The specific cognitive and affective learning and study strategies that best distinguished students reporting high and low self-regulated learning efficacy were determined. Participants (N=75) came from 12 rural public high schools. All students were administered the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) and Bandura's Efficacy for…

To make the point that infant emotions are more dynamic than suggested by Differential Emotions Theory, which maintains that infants show the same prototypical facial expressions for emotions as adults do, this paper explores two questions: (1) when infants experience an emotion, do they always show the corresponding prototypical facial…

This study examined the relationships of early and current attachment styles to the coping strategies late adolescents employ when faced with problems and to the attributions they make concerning their successes and failures. Subjects were 157 late adolescents, ages 18 to 22, taken from an ethnically diverse sample of university students. Subjects…

Emotional intelligence has been defined as "the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions" (P. Salovey and J. Mayer, 1990). As a subset of social intelligence and of personal intelligences (H. Gardner, 1983), emotional…

This paper offers a preliminary examination of literature reviewing sex and gender differences in the five prototypic emotions of fear, anger, sadness, joy, and love. The paper notes that within the literature on sex and gender differences, the terms "sex" and "gender" are often erroneously referred to interchangeably…

Expressed emotion in a mother's communications about her child may reflect both direct and subtle ways in which she transmits aspects of her depressive affective and cognitive style to her children. This study considered whether: (1) depressed mothers are more likely than well mothers to express negative emotional statements in descriptions of…

In recent research cognitive therapists have been paying increased attention to the linkage between thought, feeling, and the nature of the unconscious process. Although traditional cognitive theory maintains that cognition precedes affect, recent research on the relationship has shown that affect may precede cognition. It is only in those cases…

The focus in the present study was on children's expectancies about how parents would respond to their children's genuine emotional-expressive displays, as sampled across seven different vignettes about parent-child interaction. The vignettes consisted of schematic cartoons and a verbal narrative. They contained "emotional displays" of…

A recent development in the field of personality assessment has been increasing interest in the use of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) in clinical settings. The MCMI Scales 1 (Schizoid), 2 (Avoidant), 3 (Dependent), and 8 (Passive-Aggressive) appear to be a possible measure of initial stress in certain psychiatric inpatients. To…

Recently some psychologists have shown a renewed interest in the relationship between cognition and emotion and have begun to examine the relationship between the representation and processing of factual and emotional information. To investigate the role of emotional state in personal memory retrieval, a study was undertaken to replicate and…