Boys' reluctance to participate in music education programs, particularly in school singing groups -- termed in this paper the "missing males" problem -- is just one among many pressing gender problems in music education. In order to discover whether boys' lack of participation in music, along with other gender-related issues, are merely…

California, in response to pessimism about the efficacy of public education, adopted the California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST), a three-part test of reading, writing, and mathematics required of teacher applicants. This paper takes a critical look at the genesis, passage, implementation, and consequences of the CBEST legislation. In…

The Highlander Folk School was founded as an alternative kind of education with no academic admission requirements, no examinations or grades, and no set curriculum. Hard times were caused by lack of funds and the radical nature of its purpose--to help poor people know their rights and stand up for them. As an undergraduate, Myles Horton, its…

Taking the premise that curriculum design embraces the historical introduction of "order" into schooling, this paper considers theories of curriculum order since the 16th century. Calvinist social discipline brought a curriculum of schooling to be followed and to be completed as well. Peter Ramus, a 16th century professor, reshaped…

In the two major sections of this paper the influence of John B. Carroll and Robert Lado on the teaching and testing of listening comprehension since 1961 is examined. The first section reviews the literature of that field and outlines four major periods roughly corresponding to the methodological orientation dominating professional thinking at…

By viewing women's literacy within the context of America from the Colonial period until the present, it is clear that men have traditionally shaped and controlled who shall be literate and what shall be viewed as literate, both within and outside the educational system. Women's writing from the Colonial period is virtually non-existent, and…

Contrary to expectations a decade ago, the United States has not buried the dichotomy between vocational education and academic education. Instead, as shown by the publication of the report, "A Nation at Risk," the academic community is again declaring war on the vocational education establishment. This report, which stresses the need…

Traditionally, trade and industrial education teachers performed their own job analyses in order to develop a curriculum and teach their classes. Eventually, processes were created for such analyses. One that had a great influence in educational circles was the job analysis system of Fryklund. However, since Fryklund's time, occupational analysis…

Provided in this report are (1) a discussion of the effects of historical events and linguistic complexities on elementary education in the People's Republic of China and (2) information on the Chinese educational system from early childhood education through the middle school (the equivalent of junior and senior high schools in the United…

Educational institutions need to help women get a better education by taking into account the learning they have acquired through experience in homemaking, volunteer work, and other activities. This paper examines the need for recognition of women's prior learning by educational institutions and delves into some of the intricacies of the process.…

This paper offers a brief history of the development of curriculum knowledge as shown in 20th century publications. Observations about curriculum development are noted and recommendations are made for further exploration. Books and their authors are reviewed from the turn of the century to the present, beginning with theory predominance and the…

Curricular considerations concerning extension education to primarily adult and part-time students are discussed with emphasis on courses offered for credit. Some historical notes on land-grant colleges are presented. Seven conditions under which off-campus public-service-oriented (directed to the general public) instruction becomes a curricular…

Though the educational achievement of American Indians during the last 10 years has been impressive, indications are that it will be some time before Indian people have an equal educational opportunity with the majority population. To understand the statistics and social indicators of the revolution in Indian education, it is necessary to examine…

After presenting an overview of the history of the community college from the late 1800's to the present, and a discussion of the philosophic bases and accepted functions and purposes of the community college, this article presents a picture of Hispanic students in community and junior colleges in 1978. General demographic data on Hispanics in the…

The educational experience of adult immigrants to the United States between 1914-24 is discussed. Attempts of educators and Americanization agencies to reach adult immigrants are described and reasons for the failure of these attempts are given, including inadequate funding, narrowness in subject matter and methods, and insensitivity to ethnic…