One of the consistent findings of educational research studies is the effect of the students' family socio-economic background on their learning achievement. Consequently, international comparative studies emphasis the role of socio-economic background for determining learning outcomes. In particular, PISA results have been used to describe how…

The 16 chapters in this five-part book, each by different authors, trace the effects of welfare reform (mandated by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996), upon poor people in rural areas of the United States. The book begins with an introduction called "As the Dust Settles: Welfare Reform and Rural…

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores of Asian, Hispanic, Black, and White students with similar socioeconomic backgrounds and access to similar instruction in the same large midwestern school district were compared. Income levels were determined by using federal guidelines for free and reduced school lunches. The population of the study consisted…

This booklet describes how eight European countries structure educational provision for children in the middle years of schooling, ages 10 through 14. The booklet discusses the status of middle years education, the tracking of students, equal opportunities for minorities, specialization of teachers and counselors, academic versus holistic…

Resources available to Arizona through the School-to-Work Opportunities Act will not be concentrated in rural communities, although their educational and economic development needs are proportionately greater. Absent from education reform bills pending in the Arizona House and Senate is any reference to school-to-work transition or any explicit…

Written from the point of view of an Australian professional woman with a degenerative visual impairment, this paper, part of an ongoing investigation into disability, equity programs, and the labor market in Australia, discusses the social and employment problems facing women with disabilities and presents four case studies of Australian visually…

As institutions enrolling a disproportionate number of the minority students attending colleges and universities nationwide, community colleges have a considerable responsibility to develop policies that will support diversity and serve as models for the rest of higher education. At Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC), the student…

A preliminary examination of Extended Opportunity Programs and Services (EOPS) in California's 107 community colleges was conducted by requesting information on individual programs; 87 responses were received. EOPS programs were established by the California Legislature in 1968 to recruit high-risk minority and low-income students and provide them…

A study of Hispanic participation in administration of the 106 California community colleges (administered through district organizations) counted persons with Spanish surnames listed in the "Directory of California Community Colleges 1981-82" as participating in administration at district or college level. Hispanic administrators were…

Legal issues associated with competency testing of teachers are reviewed, with an emphasis on the problem of bias against minority examinees taking standardized tests. The central legislative foci of legal activity in this area are Titles VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII requires employers to show, with validation studies,…

Beginning with an overview of the development of the country's educational policy since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, this paper provides an information survey on the current state of education in the People's Republic of China. After brief sections on the relations between Chinese society and the educational system and current trends in the…

This paper describes social problems that ethnic minorities are likely to experience in the 1980s and presents guidelines for shaping educational policies and programs that will help ethnic minority youths to experience more educational equity during the remainder of the decade. The minority groups discussed are those that are heavily concentrated…

Until recently, research on management and careers typically examined white, middle-class male subjects. Patterns, norms, and career problems brought to light by this research are not necessarily applicable to wider populations. When studies on women did appear, at first they were typically more polemical than scientific; they sought to prove…

The paper discusses some of the issues involved in the transition of students from school to work in Australia. First, there is an overview of the Schools Commission's views on school-work transition as expressed in its reports. The reports draw attention to the necessity for recurrent education to allow every member of society to have access to…

About 2.7 of every 10 16- through 24-year-olds unemployed during March, 1979, were discharged from their last jobs. Regression analysis of data from the March, 1979, Current Population Survey revealed that 16- and 17 year-olds were more than twice as likely as 20- through 24-year-olds to have lost their last job; veterans were about 1.5 times as…