These proceedings were compiled from two separate institutes held in Ann Arbor on November 18-19, 1976, and again on January 20-21, 1977. Institute participants included directors of special education, school psychologists, school social workers, and teacher consultants from around the state. The papers presented here are composites of…

This study evaluates the effects of busing on the subsequent achievement performance of bused black students. Differences in achievement gains or losses are hypothesized as being both a function of bused students attitudes toward busing and desegregation and of the interracial climate of acceptance in the receiving schools. Findings from data…

There are many possible directions that can be taken to open equal opportunity to all who want work, especially for the handicapped. Since more service-producing industries are expected to grow in the future than goods-producing industries, and accurate job forecasting is good but must be accompanied by adequate education and training, the growth…

This paper explains that today's teacher preparation programs must meet the needs of tomorrow's teachers. They must be practical, experiential, and effective, and must produce educators who practice personal reflection, ongoing professional development, and lifelong learning. The Professional Development School (PDS) model addresses these needs.…

This symposium of the ad hoc committee on integration of the Ontario (Canada) Teachers of English as a Second Language (TESL) reports educators' concerns with providing adequate support for immigrant and refugee students, maintaining the integrity, voice, and visibility of ESL education in school boards, and advocating and providing guidelines for…

This study examined the use of transactional inquiry to help preservice and inservice teachers examine and construct their own beliefs and practices about equity in excellence for all learners. Transactional inquiry encourages teachers to identify and describe events that exemplify their developing understanding and to examine those events with…

In 1999, the Intercultural Development Research Association was established to identify 10 promising and/or exemplary bilingual education programs in schools nationwide as determined by participating limited-English-proficient (LEP) students' academic achievement. Researchers requested data on achievement, retention rate, dropout rate, enrollment…

This paper outlines and explains legal issues related to race-based affirmative action, which is defined as race-conscious action designed to overcome manifest racial imbalance. The paper highlights the history of affirmative action and its following objectives: (1) to overcome the effects of past discrimination; (2) to ensure against future…

An elective graduate course on multicultural education in a teacher education program had two main goals: (1) to develop student awareness of the ways in which race, class, and gender affect educational achievement; and (2) to encourage students to challenge social inequality and promote an acceptance of cultural diversity. A social…

This study explores the question of accessibility to existing campus technology by low socio-economic, nontraditional, and minority college students. Questions posed are: (1) "Do nontraditional, low socio-economic and traditionally underrepresented students have the same access to computers and information technology as traditional majority…

This paper examines inequalities in education resulting from differences in community social class, using data from a study of high school teachers' work in different communities conducted in the 1980's and repeated in the 1990's. The 1985 study of schools in upper middle class, working class, and lower class neighborhoods indicated that there…

Equal access to education is not enough to guarantee that all students are receiving the same quality education. Curricular knowledge does not exist value-free; it is affected by the context in which it exists--with teachers, school officials, syllabus committees, and education policymakers, among others, influencing the social process through…

This study's purpose was to explore the premise that increasing state support for elementary/secondary schools increases equal student access to educational opportunity. Following a brief overview of the background of the problem, including a description of the so-called "Minnesota Miracle" or Omnibus Tax Law of 1971 with its provisions…

This paper traces the development of research concerning effective schools and provides a critical, synthesizing overview of various research strands. Strands of research included are self-concept, teacher expectations, democratic-authoritarian leadership, various uses of the term "school climate," input-output production models (with…

Since 1835 when a state constitutional convention denied them the right to attend school, the Lumbee Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina have established a strong educational system. Although another constitutional convention in 1868 mandated public school terms for all children, the county had few schools until 1885 and no schools…