This paper discusses the complementarity of human and cyber physical production systems (CPPS). The discourse of complementarity is elaborated by defining five criteria for comparing the characteristics of human and CPPS. Finally, a management portfolio matrix is proposed for examining the feasibility of optimal collaboration between them. The optimal collaboration refers to the exchange of knowledge, reciprocal learning, and interaction of human and CPPS in smart factories. The proposed portfolio matrix provides feasibility check rules to trigger the transition towards ideal state of human and CPPS collaboration in Industry 4.0. [For full proceedings, see ED571332.]