Women have historically served as members of the armed forces and today the numbers of women are increasing and their roles are expanding. Increasingly women are experiencing combat related mental health concerns as well as issues unique to serving within a military culture. Licensed Professional Counselors (LPCs) will be eligible for jobs as mental health providers for military service personnel. Counselor education programs will need to be proactive in preparing mental health providers for this population. Programs will need to respond quickly in developing both pre-service and in-service training in order to prepare counselors for providing direct mental health care for military personnel as well as veterans and families in civilian settings. This paper includes a review of the literature concerning the issues facing active and returning military service personnel with a special emphasis on meeting the needs of women. An appendix presents: Military Status, Stressors and Resources of the Women of OEF [Operation Enduring Freedom]/OIF [Operation Iraqi Freedom].