Over the last several decades a number of strategies have emerged and evolved to promote gender equity in development efforts. Yet debates regarding the relative efficacy of these strategies remain. On Thursday, April 26, 2007, the Woodrow Wilson Center convened a group of experts on gender and development to address the issue of gender inequality from a variety of perspectives. Panelists reflected on past efforts to promote gender equity and discussed effective strategies for the way forward. The first panel discussed the main approaches to promoting gender equity and the progress made towards incorporating gender concerns in development institutions. Laying out the historical context in which the Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD) strategies emerged, Jane Jaquette argued that the way in which these approaches evolved has depended very much on the limitations and opportunities available at different points in time. Discussing the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming, Aruna Rao stated that gender mainstreaming has been associated with more failures than successes. The second panel focused on specific arenas where gender equity is being pursued in creative ways. Cathy Feingold described the ongoing feminization of poverty in the global economy as women workers constitute the driving labor force behind export production and rural-urban migration. Stressing the importance of engaging men around issues of reproductive health and gender equality, Andrew Levack argued it is necessary to explore some of the more detrimental constructs of masculinity and alternative attitudes and actions. Angelina Aspuac described her experience leading a women's empowerment association in Guatemala. Lyn Beth Neylon explored the dynamics of legal and judicial reform projects run by USAID's Women's Legal Rights Initiative (WLR) in Rwanda and Benin. The keynote speaker, Nyaradzai Gumbonzvanda, asserted that a larger conceptual framework is needed, which links empowerment, rights, and mainstreaming in all social spaces in order to advance the discourse on gender relations and achieve greater gender equality. Appendices include: (1) Agenda; and (2) Biographies of Participants. [This paper was edited with Jessica Varat.]