This paper focuses on some of the effects of climate on library and archives collections in tropical climates, and discusses some prudent alternatives to the mechanical and chemical approaches commonly used to control climate and its immediate effects. One of the most important factors affecting the longevity of library and archival materials is the environment in which they are stored, used, and displayed. Substantial research has demonstrated the profound effects of temperature, humidity, light, air circulation, and pollution, and controlling these effects is the highest priority of any preservation program. (Author)