The homogeneity of the Japanese people is a major component in their educational achievements. The success of the educational system is linked to various factors, such as the state of the national health, the excellence of the transportation system, a common language, and other cultural attitudes and values. Parents are considered responsible for their children's school work, and children attend school for longer hours and spend more hours studying than do U.S. children. Group goals take precedence over individual goals. Entrance to preferred schools is heavily competitive, as is entrance to higher educational institutions. Topography is a factor, because the Japanese population is concentrated in the coastal areas and in large cities. There is a 98 percent literacy rate. Education has been the instrument of change in Japan, accomplishing national goals and attaining an effective world image. (NL)