This paper examines the tacit assumptions behind different theories about the nature of language and aphasia, and it discusses critically the use of structural and generative linguistic theories to explain the behavior of aphasics, especially with regard to the difference between spoken and written discourse. It is proposed that, rather than try to fit aphasic language behavior to linguistic theory, researchers must study the actual language behavior of aphasics more thoroughly before constructing any model of language behavior based on aphasia. It is thought that further knowledge of aphasic speech errors would reveal a variety of "normal" strategies used by aphasics to compensate for speech difficulties. A three-page list of references is included. (MSE)