Information on issues related to professional competence, moral and legal standards, the use of professional codes of ethics and guidelines, a decision-making model, the power differential, and appropriate uses of supervision and peer support are provided for professionals who work with deaf and hard of hearing individuals. Most human services…

This paper discusses N. B. Ralph's (1980) four stages of development for the novice therapist, focusing on the fourth stage (therapists become aware of their own feelings and reactions to the therapeutic process) through the author's experience in therapy. The therapist as client is discussed according to Karen Horney's classification of neurotic…

This paper presents a theory of shame development and resolution. Shame is a primary effect that is induced interpersonally. Shame inducement occurs when one significant person breaks the interpersonal bridge with another. Following internalization of shame within the personality, shame activation becomes an autonomous function of the self and the…

The development and refinement of the Preservation, Accommodation, and Repatterning model (PAR) took place over a 10-year period. This paper presents a discussion of the evolution of PAR. The paper describes the observations and the line of empirical research findings that guided conceptualization and evaluation of the model. The model was…