This paper considers three clinical judgment biases in clinical inference: (1) illusory correlation bias, the report by clinicians of a correlation between psychodiagnostic test signs and patient's symptoms which are not correlated or are correlated to a smaller degree than that reported; (2) labeling bias, the tendency of exposure to diagnositc…

This study investigates the nature of therapist-client interactions within and across seven actual psychotherapy cases to investigate the assertion within interactional theories that positive therapeutic outcome is the result of a transition from relational incongruence to relational congruence. Counselor/client verbal utterances were coded using…

Since the development of the Lubin Depression Adjective Check Lists (DACL) in 1965, researchers have used this instrument in many empirical and clinical studies. Scores on the DACL have correlated with other measures of depression and have also been related to personal characteristics of depressed individuals. The DACL has been used in studies to…