The proposed study will examine whether effective clinical supervision requires supervisors who practice certain strategies and procedures as they dialogue with supervisees in the conference, or whether the mere acquisition by supervisors and/or supervisees of research-verified knowledge about teaching and learning, e.g., the role of academic…

The concept of clinical supervision has for several years incorporated ideas about supervisory techniques that have recently received growing support from research on the implementation of innovations by teachers. Among these ideas are that supervision should be focused on teacher behaviors, that analysis of patterns of teacher behavior can help…

Teacher development is theoretically possible in those instructional supervision settings that emphasize collegiality. The paper reports and analyzes episodes taken from two cases in a larger study which investigated the different outcomes in teachers' classroom development associated with hierarchical and collegial approaches to instructional…

Findings of a study that examined facilitator leadership in three teacher collegial groups (TCGs) and the effect of school organization on facilitator leadership behaviors are presented in this paper. The teacher work redesign program was implemented in a rural Georgian school district to enhance teacher independence and empowerment. Methodology…

Clinical supervision at its best is a collaborative process whereby teacher and observer work together for instructional improvement. The Snyder-Pavan Supervision Practices Questionnaire seeks to obtain a description of the clinical supervision practiced by administrators, supervisors, and teachers. The majority of items are scored five through…

Within this century, junior and community colleges in the United States have created a new link in the educational chain between secondary schools and universities. As a result, faculty members at junior colleges have been "created" in that they are often former secondary school teachers, university professors, or graduate students who have little…

The first identity new graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) must adopt is the "instructor" persona, which must be carried out with confidence and competence if their freshmen students are to accept them as qualified instructors. For those GTAs who are uncomfortable with this persona, the faculty supervisor can provide them with a detailed teaching…

This paper on the supervision and evaluation of teachers as professional personnel begins by delineating the characteristics and expectations of professionals, and then explains how they are socialized into their roles, the reasons why they should be supervised, the blocks and hindrances to supervision and evaluation, and how the blocks may be…

Supervision as a field, in the main, remains susceptible and thus vulnerable to various forces, ideological and otherwise, that constrain its ability to play a significant role in instructional improvement and thus in educational leadership. Adherence to inspectional and fault finding supervision under the guise of standards-based and other…

Supervision in schools today requires a team approach. A professional supervisor will respect the professional status of the school staff and will encourage each member to perform leadership tasks. Educational leaders should keep informed in their field and endeavor to improve their supervisory methods. They should use current techniques to…

Instructionally, schools tend to be "weakly normed" organizational systems in which teachers bring relatively little pressure upon each other to change and/or improve their classroom performance. Because teachers tolerate a wide range of behavior among their colleagues and are reluctant to offer criticism of each other, those responsibile for…

This paper reports on one aspect of a larger study that investigated the effects of supervisors' intervention on teachers' classroom management practices. The paper examines the interactive responses of high- and low-conceptual-level teachers in four different supervisory dyads as they conference with their principals in an attempt to ascertain…

This paper describes the preliminary findings of a training program to develop skills of Dutch primary school principals in coaching teachers for improved teaching. The major research questions addressed whether the 28 school principals who participated in the training program implemented the target coaching skills whether teachers coached by the…

The relationship between teacher and supervisor can be compared to that of husband and wife. Both relationships require care, commitment, communication, respect, truthfulness, and trust. Certain characteristics must exist between the supervisor and teacher for the process to be successful and, ultimately, lead to improved instruction. This paper…

Because the use of clinical supervision methods by administrators in their evaluation and supervision of teachers has been linked to instructional improvement, administrators' perceptions about the implementation of clinical supervisory practices were surveyed. Participants in the study were 412 school district administrators and supervisors who…