Factors related to burnout symptoms during the internship experience of students from two German universities were examined to explore which of them are most predictive of lower burnout. One sample was from a teacher education program and the other one from a social work program. Independent variables were "subjective achievement",…

A survey was conducted to identify requisite supervisor knowledge and skills and to determine what procedures should be used in establishing a national "approved supervisor" certification program. Subjects surveyed were members of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES); all members were invited to participate and some 724…

The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision builds upon previous models of counselor and psychotherapist development. The IDM incorporates aspects of both a mechanistic view, using the machine as metaphor, and an organismic view, using the organism as metaphor, of development in describing trainee development through three levels and…

Evaluating the progress of counselor trainees is not a periodic activity for supervisors, but rather an on-going process that is required in order to provide the trainee with appropriate feedback and a plan for future training experiences. This study is a continuation of a program of research examining the supervision and developmental process of…

A study was conducted which continued the investigation of the underlying structure of supervision by empirically testing Bernard's (1979) two-dimensional model and Littrell et al.'s (1979) unidimensional developmental model of supervision. To test the models, 25 counselor trainees from two master's counselor programs were compared to 23 counselor…

A study was conducted which continued the investigation of the underlying structure of supervision by empirically testing Bernard's (1979) model of supervision using a confirmatory multidimensional scaling paradigm. To accomplish this, counselor trainees' perceptions of the underlying structure (dimensionality or cognitive map) of supervision were…

The Postgraduate Center for Psychotherapy in Haifa, Israel has developed a one-year seminar in psychodynamic supervision for practicing supervisors. Twenty-five participants took part in group seminars designed to address the process of supervision and the theoretical, personal, and stylistic differences among supervisors. This paper describes the…

This guide attempts to solve problems caused when a certain designated "brand" of supervision is forced on the counselor trainee with neither choice nor checklist of important criteria. As a tentative start on a guide to supervision the paper offers the following: a definition of supervision; a summary of the various types of supervision; a…

A training program was implemented to provide consultation services in a residential treatment center for emotionally disturbed individuals. Prior to the program's implementation, clinicians were discouraged and frustrated because staff needs could not adequately be met. Psychological services to 36 severely disturbed females, ages 12 to 22, were…

This paper discusses the psychobehavioral approach to counseling supervision the goals of which involve learning to be therapeutic as well as helping the trainee to become therapeutic. A discussion of the various phases of the supervisory process is presented including the trust phase, work phase, and termination phase. A brief discussion of…

Supervision of psychologists in training continues to be a valued component of teaching skills and professional development and continues to be researched as part of the professional commitment to process and treatment outcomes. Concomitantly, mentoring within training venues and professional peer consultative venues is gaining recognition as an…

Effective psychotherapy supervision calls for a variety of supervisory roles and addresses a range of student needs. The particular student need should be the determining factor in selecting an appropriate supervisory role. The supervisor needs a range of role alternatives, a framework in which to fit student needs, a specified area of focus…

While supervisory research focuses on trainee performance in counseling situations as the primary outcome criterion, few instruments have been developed for evaluating behavior in the supervision interview. To develop a scale that reflects critical factors in the supervisory relationship, the Supervisor Personal Reaction Scale (SPRS) and the…

This study was conducted to test Bordin's (1983) proposition that, in supervision, counselor trainees' perceptions of the supervisory working alliance (goals, tasks, and an emotional bond) are predictive of supervisory outcomes (trainee self-efficacy and trainee satisfaction with supervision) over time. Beginning practicum to intern level…

In attempting to understand their own behaviors and that of others, people make different attributions about causes. During the process of supervision, supervisors and counselor trainees make many attributions, including those about client, trainee, and supervisor behavior. A supervision analogue was used to examine attributional processes in…