The Integrated Developmental Model (IDM) of supervision builds upon previous models of counselor and psychotherapist development. The IDM incorporates aspects of both a mechanistic view, using the machine as metaphor, and an organismic view, using the organism as metaphor, of development in describing trainee development through three levels and…

Effective psychotherapy supervision calls for a variety of supervisory roles and addresses a range of student needs. The particular student need should be the determining factor in selecting an appropriate supervisory role. The supervisor needs a range of role alternatives, a framework in which to fit student needs, a specified area of focus…

This study was conducted to test Bordin's (1983) proposition that, in supervision, counselor trainees' perceptions of the supervisory working alliance (goals, tasks, and an emotional bond) are predictive of supervisory outcomes (trainee self-efficacy and trainee satisfaction with supervision) over time. Beginning practicum to intern level…

This presentation was based upon a research study conducted with a marriage and family professional organization in a large southwestern state. This study consisted of two parts, with the first part using the Ethical Issues Questionnaire (EIQ). The EIQ has ten questions which pertain to a clinical experience and the same ten questions which refer…

This paper explores the complexities in transitioning from the role of a counselor to that of a counselor educator, integrating a review of the literature on counselor pedagogy with personal experience. The role of the counselor, the teacher, and the parallels and disjunctions between those roles as well as possible ways to bridge them are among…

This paper explores the use of reflecting teams as a tool for assisting students who are engaged in internship placements in community counseling settings. These placements are used to help students develop the skills of counseling and the professional identity of a counselor. Counselor educators are involved in the role of supportive…

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which the structure or patterning of supervisor and supervisee verbal interaction during supervision is enhanced or moderated by: (1) the problem severity (degree of impairment and level of distress of the client); (2) the anxiety of the supervisee and supervisor toward the client and toward…

The Counselor Rating Form (CRF) and Counseling Evaluation Inventory (CEI) were used in an applied setting to evaluate counselor interns. A sample of 17 counselor trainees conducted two interviews with two internship. After each interview, the trainees rated themselves on the CRF and the clients rated the trainees on both the CRF and CEI.…