Counselor development from the beginning counselor to the master counselor has been researched as to the most beneficial model for describing the progression of the trainee. One developmental model, the Integrated Developmental Model, describes three stages plus an integrated fourth stage that a counseling trainee moves through from a beginning…

The feelings of therapist and patient toward each other are important factors in the therapeutic relationship. This study investigated how beginning therapists perceive and are perceived by clients. After initial counseling sessions with college student clients (N=133), six psychotherapy practicum trainees at a university counseling center…

Two studies, one cross-sectional and the other longitudinal, examined individual differences in subjective perceptions of disabilities. In study 1, 37 (22 unsuccessful and 15 successful) applicants to and 29 (12 first year and 17 second year) graduate students in a rehabilitation counseling master's degree program judged the similarity of all…

In spring 1981, Lawson State Community College (LSCC) conducted a survey of its various constituencies to determine: (1) how aware various groups were of the college and its programs; (2) their sources of information about LSCC; (3) how they ranked LSCC in comparison to two other local two-year colleges; (4) the factors they considered important…

The research reported in this document shows how two junior college counselors perform "explaining what we are doing now" differently, depending on the social personage or identity of the student, and identifies the social meaning of different forms of "explaining what we are doing now." It shows how in formulating, counselors can say more than…

In the counseling process the use of power as a therapist influence strategy has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether women and men prefer different types of power statements made by female and male therapists in an initial therapy session with male clients. Subjects (N=153) were undergraduates enrolled in…

Research has documented bias toward elderly clients by mental health professionals. To determine whether counselor trainees held similar biases against elderly clients, counseling (N=40) and non-counseling (N=25) graduate students were given an intake summary of a female client exhibiting symptoms of depression. The client's age was manipulated on…

A growing body of creative curricular materials, intended to guide and support the multicultural training of psychologists, has been developed. To enhance these materials, a preliminary evaluation of a multicultural program was conducted in an attempt to understand how students develop into culturally competent clinicians, particularly in terms of…

Recently, the need for increased career guidance and counseling services for high school students has been recognized. A major long-term commitment by school guidance programs must be made to assist students in setting career goals, planning education and work experience around those goals, developing effective work habits and interpersonal…

Counselor Trainees completed the author's Counselor's Foci Checklist. This rating scale explores seven concerns in the counseling profession: (1) clarifying roles; (2) understanding counseling theories; (3) being firm with clients; (4) being liked by clients; (5) being respected by professionals; (6) developing empathic listening skills; and (7)…

Academic and social performance of 204 high school students who had attended one-teacher rural elementary schools in Nebraska, South Dakota, and Montana was investigated to determine if small school students were disadvantaged in a larger high school setting. Data gathered by questionnaires from students, school administrators, and counselors…

The effects of four types of variables on employment experience in the period immediately after leaving high school were examined. These four types of variables were deviance in high school, respondent attitudes measured during the senior year in high school, school services, and school staff attitudes on employment experience in the immediate…

A descriptive study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of career pathways and the extent of their alignment within the high school curriculum and the Missouri A+ Schools Program, which builds on other reform efforts such as tech prep and school-to-work to provide all students with a quality education focused on careers and an academic…

The Project to Assess the Status of Women Students and Employees in Vocational Education assessed number and distribution of women students and employees in vocational programs, their perceptions of equal access, and extent of efforts to address sex equity. Its main activity was a survey of 3,609 vocational students, 455 faculty, 126 counselors,…

A study analyzed the attitudes of a random sample of completers of nontraditional and traditional vocational programs toward the school and career counseling that they received while enrolled in a vocational education program in West Virginia in 1980. The survey instrument, which was completed by 36 of the 100 nontraditional program completers…