Drawing upon the historical experiences of Filipinx American student and community activists in dialogue with the critical race literature, this article forwards a Filipinx Critical (FilCrit) Theory. The paper foregrounds the racial formation of Filipinx Americans framed within the complexity of global migration and the collective resistance to…

We examine 100 years of rural education research within the context of the demographic, migratory, economic, and social changes that have affected rural America in the past century. We use systematic review of the literature on rural teacher recruitment, retention, and training as a case study for looking at the constancy and change in the…

The political myth of a nation substantially influences the way people behave, the goals to which they aspire, and the rationale upon which common actions are taken and through which rhetorical identification can be achieved. Myth is the image at the center of a culture that is the ideal of the culture's excellence. Myths are not accurate…

"The Ring Toss," a gum-print six-by-eight-inch photograph produced in 1899 and first published in 1903, has become one of photographer Clarence White's most noted images. It is an example of soft focus, or fuzzy pictorialism, a type of American art photography most practiced around the turn of the century. This analysis of the photograph…

Sociocultural concerns have provided the framework for literacy expectations throughout the history of the United States, and have determined the extent to which national emphasis has been placed on adult literacy programs. Early literacy programs have been traced to the Reconstruction period following the Civil War. The next surge of interest in…

Historians have traditionally seen the advent of radio in the United States as a signal in the early 1920s for a season of euphoria; what they have not seen is the sense of shock and loss the new technology brought. An analysis of newspaper and magazine coverage of the new medium documents the impact on American sensibilities of the new…

A 1985 AFL-CIO report suggested that the steep decline in union affiliation among members of the working class might be related to the ways in which public schools shape student opinions on organized labor. During the Progressive era, labor educators and activists were also concerned that the civic education being provided working-class children…

Entries in the New York "Tribune" suggest that editor Horace Greeley and his writing were part of New England transcendentalism. This was manifested in Greeley's interest in poetry, newspaper publishing, reform, and an overall practical social idealism. He was long associated with both literary figures and reform movements, and as a…

The Farmers' Alliance was organized in Texas in 1877, and soon spread through the South and Midwest. Farmers formed cooperatives to combat the crop-lien system that bound them to furnishing merchants and to oppose differential railroad rates that hampered the shipment of their crops. As it grew, the alliance began to demand other land,…

E.W. Scripps's penny newspapers brought a new style of public service journalism to the Pacific Northwest's four largest cities--Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, and Portland--in the turbulent years of the Progressive movement from 1899 to 1912. Minimal investment, tight cost controls, and the idea that a small, condensed newspaper could be more popular…

An arrangement of Woody Guthrie's song "This Land is Your Land" was recently voted the most popular song among U.S. music teachers and other educators. This arrangement actually includes only three verses of the song that Guthrie wrote as a parody of Irving Berlin's "God Bless America." Guthrie's original song was a radical…

In her novel "Work," through the character of Rachel and her story, Louise May Alcott confronts many of the issues facing both "fallen" women and the social reformers of her day. Rachel, one of the sisterhood of the fallen, becomes an instrument of social reform after having been the victim of the sham respectability of her…

An examination of Dorothy Day's role as chief journalist, editor, and publisher of "The Catholic Worker," the ideological monthly she cofounded in 1933, reveals that she was the final authority within the organization of the newspaper. Deeply committed to proselytizing for her cause, the Catholic Worker Movement, Day still simultaneously…

In 1917, the Leslie Bureau of Suffrage Education was created in New York. The Bureau was to be the news purveyor, publicity expert, and propaganda carrier, disseminating suffrage material through every available avenue of publicity. One of its departments, the Department of Editorial Correspondence, was chaired by Ida Husted Harper. Of her 66…

The varying results of incorporation on the survival of groups such as bands, tribes, chiefdoms and mercantile states can be explained by applying the historical process to the American conquest of the Southwest. The American Southwest (the region covered by Arizona, New Mexico, parts of Texas, California, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado) was occupied…