Whereas women carry the primary responsibility for food production in Africa, development agencies have devoted minimal resources to researching the impact of their policies and new techniques on the well-being of Africa's women farmers. C. K. Eicher (1995) and M. Smale (1995) call this the invisible factor because the gender-related constraints…

Worldwide restricted roles based on gender and imposed by culture diminish girls' self-esteem, undermine their ambition, and limit their potential. Girls and young women move towards adulthood in social systems that negatively affect them educationally, psychologically, and physically. This paper describes "Horizons: 2000," a unique developmental…

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a disproportionate and more devastating impact on women than men; adolescent women are at the greatest risk for acquiring STDs. However, promoting consistent condom use among female adolescents involves dealing with complex socio-cultural factors, including deep ambivalence regarding sexuality in general,…

The development and use of communication and information technologies, notably the Internet, have stimulated huge changes in the organization of work and daily life in Europe, leading to a process of transition from the "Industrial" to the "Information" society. The ultimate aim of the Information Society should be the…

Since traditionally-raised boys and girls have different pre-school experience, they arrive at school differentially prepared for the educational process. As a group, boys have one set of attitudes, skills, and knowledge; girls another. To empower all children, schools must address the needs of both groups. Typically, schools have attempted to…

The author explores nonformal education and its impact on women, specifically the questions, "What have they learned?" and "How has it improved their condition?" Findings are that most women have learned conventional skills and knowledge related to their maternal and domestic roles. Thus, it has not changed their condition. (CH)

A personal transformation group therapy program was designed to help Saudi women function more effectively in their daily lives. The major cognitive idea of these groups was to enable women to better understand their thinking patterns so that they could learn techniques to change. Personal transformation group topics included: Self-Esteem;…

This document describes research pertaining to adolescent females' perceptions of sexual desire. It analyzes 30 interviews of girls, 15-18 years old, who are juniors in suburban and urban high schools. The key finding was identified as the dilemma of desire. Girls responded to the dilemma in three ways: simply not feeling the desire, resisting…

This paper compares the influence of state policies on gender roles and women's empowerment in China, India, and South Korea. In 1950, these newly formed states were largely poor and agrarian, with common cultural factors that placed similar severe constraints on women's autonomy. The three countries followed very different paths of development,…