The report describes a study of the sex ratios in learning disabilities among 305 Israli children in kindergarten, second grade, and fifth grade which found no gender differences in reading disability cases. Contrary findings of an apparent sex-linked component of learning disabilities among U.S. children are examined. (CL)

This study was conducted to examine the timing of adolescent transitions. Its first aim was to investigate the hypothesis that cumulated family adversities during childhood would predict earlier transitions in domains such as behavioral autonomy and friendship formation during adolescence. Subjects (N=1,631) were adolescents between the ages of 13…

How do people know what gender they are? An action or physical characteristic becomes meaningful only when interpreted through its cultural framework. The difference between male and female communication styles has recently engaged national attention, and the frameworks that men and women use to understand the world have been observed by scholars.…

Traditional Japanese values discourage women from working outside the home. This research describes and compares Japanese men's and women's beliefs regarding employment of women. Questionnaires were distributed to approximately 900 Japanese men and women, and t-tests were used to test for differences between the men's and women's groups. Results…

To determine if personality characteristics reflect influences of culture, while sex differences remain similar across cultures, 100 Indonesian and 100 American college students completed the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, in the appropriate language. An analysis of the results showed that females in both cultures were higher than males…

This paper presents preliminary explorations of the nature of differences in first-name stereotypes among three ethnic groups. A total of 147 white, black, and Spanish teachers were divided into five subgroups determined by their geographic location (Miami, Florida to Atlanta, Georgia) and ethnic grouping. Each subject was asked to rate his or her…

This paper considers research on visual-spatial learning differences between males and females and how such differences can be overcome in science and mathematics curricula. It is suggested that one reason females are underrepresented in the areas of mathematics and science is that they tend to score lower on spatial visualization aptitude…

A number of cultural and neurophysiological variables were studied to examine their relationship with sex differences in spatial ability. Five paper-and-pencil spatial ability tests were administered to a group of 50 male and 51 female college students, with approximately equal numbers for each sex being left- or right-handed and left- or…

This paper examines some of the determinants of the length of time, in terms of Carnegie units of mathematics taken, that individuals spend studying mathematics in high school. Particular attention focuses on how gender and race combine to influence the amount of mathematics students take. Data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of…

A study examined the effects of gender-linked features of writing upon raters' judgments about writing quality. Sixty-four subjects were interviewed: 32 teachers and 32 freshman composition students. Subjects were asked to evaluate two essays, one written by a woman and one by a man. In interviews, the subjects were asked to: (1) offer suggestions…

The study shows that acculturation is a process which varies not only from ethnic group to ethnic group, but also within an ethnic group. One hundred and thirty six Asian Indians, ranging from 15 to 64 years of age, living in Houston, Texas, comprise the sample. The six cultural traits selected as representative of intrinsic and extrinsic Indian…

This paper examines etiquette books as repositories of cultural beliefs about the differing ways men and women should talk and the beliefs about the differing ways men and women actually talk. Etiquette books published in the past 150 years are examined to measure consistency or change in these beliefs, and the implications of the study for actual…

The relationship between field-dependence and cultural biases towards control and discipline practices was explored. It was hypothesized that the strict control practices described for the Cuban culture would foster greater field-dependence in their adolescents than would the practice of a U. S. born group. Seventy-two Cuban and U. S. born…

This study deals with the cultural environments of students and how cultural and contextual factors might interact with student perceptions of their learning environment and their preferred instructional modes. Data was collected from approximately 2,500 lower secondary students in Australia using the Students' Learning and Cultural Environments…

This paper reports on a study of a group of university women working in science at an academic institution. The group included professors, graduate students, researchers, post-doctoral students, and science educators. Data were collected in the form of interviews, field notes taken during participant observation, and analysis of group materials…