Numerous studies have analyzed the determinants of early retirement or retirement on time among older men and women. However, not many studies of the determinants of retirement have analyzed racial and gender differences, both between and within groups. Using data from the 1968-1987 interview waves of the Panel Studies of Income Dynamics, this…

Although self-employment is of interest to many salaried workers who wish to change careers or continue working past the usual retirement age, little is known about the experiences of those who have actually made such a change. Of the 2,326 salaried men who were between the ages of 45 and 59 when interviewed in 1966 as part of the National…

A case study of 1100 high school teachers in a large urban district that has experienced declining enrollment for eight years illustrates several of the exit options and career mobility effects of riffing (reduction in force). The findings show that during decline, freely chosen movement out (exit), or laterally (moderate number of location…