When Lebanon gained its independence from France in 1943, it adopted a system that divided political power along clearly defined sectarian lines. The institutionalized sectarian nature of the country resulted in tensions that led to civil war in 1975. Lebanon quickly disintegrated into a number of irreconcilable cantons and seemed to be destined…

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a bilingual education program would conserve the cultural heritage, linguistic knowledge, religious, and ethnic identity of minority peoples. This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. For quantitative…

This interpretive research was at the intersection of language acquisition, literacy development, and social education. The multisite study of literacy instruction that addressed compassion as a conflict response involved qualitative analyses of data gathered from lesson artifacts, observations, interviews of the participating teachers, and survey…

This study emerged from a broader research completed during my Masters Course. (THEORY/METHODOLOGY) Theory and methodology were guided by the critical multiculturalism as seen in McLaren (1997, 2000). In my doctoral thesis, this concept was deepened by and linked to the peace studies of Galtung (1990, 2005, 2006), to empower multicultural peace…

During the 20th century, there was a growth in social concern about horrific forms of violence, like ecocide, genocide, modern warfare, ethnic hatred, racism, sexual abuse, domestic violence, and a corresponding growth in the field of peace education where educators from early child care to adult use their professional skills to warn fellow…

This paper briefly introduces alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes and their fundamental principles. The paper provides a review of the literature on ADR and discusses its applicability in educational settings. The concept of conflict is explained, along with analysis of the limitations of traditional conflict resolution processes. The…

This study was undertaken in an attempt to clarify and delineate the definition of peace psychology and the role of peace psychologists. Members of Division 48 of the American Psychological Association were asked to respond to three questions: (1) What is the definition of peace psychology? (2) How is peace psychology a psychology? and (3) What…

Four major pathways the U.S. peace movement has followed may be identified as: (1) pacifism; (2) conscientious objection; (3) antimilitarism; and (4) internationalism. Those individuals following pacifism have held a personal dedication to participate in no war or violent revolution. Conscientious objectors have held a selective objection against…

Discussion of the need for educating students of all ages for peace focuses on principles of the Peace Studies doctoral program at Pace University (New York). Program components include: (1) inner peace spiritual awareness; (2) micro-peace studies the immediate environment; (3) macro-peace studies national and international; and (4) planetary…

This paper explores four dimensions of telecommunications as resources for peace education: (1) advocacy for special issues or concerns as a social action component; (2) enhancement for teaching peace education and conflict resolution; (3) links in cyberspace as an added dimension for partnerships and collaborative projects; and (4) expansion of…

A number of academic and professional organizations offer peace communication scholars opportunities for cross-disciplinary dialogue. These include the: Consortium of Peace Research, Education, and Development (COPRED); Peace Studies Association; International Peace Research Association; Peace Science Society (International); International Studies…

A survey was conducted to examine the role of peace education within existing speech communication programs and to describe that role both in terms of curricular and research priorities. Respondents, 113 department Chairs out of a total of 578 on the Speech Communication Association's list of institutions offering degrees in communication,…

The United Nations has declared the year 2000 "The Year for the Culture of Peace." A "culture of peace" implies more than a passive and quiescent state due to an absence of war and violence. To attain a culture of peace, people must actively strive toward positive values which enable different cultures and nations to coexist…

Peace education as an educational reform originally responded to international threats of violence and wars. Since the end of the Cold War, peace education has directed its efforts to many different aspects of violence that plague both teachers and students. This paper reports on the efforts of one school district in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to…

This paper introduces the notion of a spiritual component of adventure, with reference to the potential role of adventure within the peace and reconciliation process in Northern Ireland. Influenced by tradition and culture, past constructions of adventure have often associated it with educational benefits and personal development of specific…