Having heard "a pimwit", English-speakers assume that "the pimwit" is also possible. This type of productivity is attributed to syntactic categories such as NOUN and DETERMINER, but the key question is "how" do humans become endowed with these categories in the first place. We propose a novel approach that combines…

Bridging the gap between mathematical learning at home and school has been an issue for education research for decades (Galindo & Sheldon, 2012). Expectations for mathematics do not often align for teachers and parents (Posey-Maddox & Hayley-Lock, 2016) and a limited view of what counts as mathematics persists. What needs more attention is…

This research aims to examine the child-rearing experiences and attitudes toward the violence of mothers who witnessed or experienced violence in their childhood and those who have not. The research is conducted over a study group of 30 mothers whose 5- to 6-year-old children are attending kindergarten. The data have been collected using the…

Solving challenging math problems often invites a child to ride an "emotional roller-coaster" and experience a complex mixture of emotions including confusion, frustration, joy, and surprise. Early exposure to this type of "hard fun" may stimulate child's interest and curiosity of mathematics and nurture life long skills such…

Immigrant mothers in "new immigrant families" (one spouse is a marriage immigrant) in Taiwan are popularly viewed as culturally deficient and as not having knowledge to teach children literacy. Multiple-case study methods were adopted. Thirteen Vietnamese mothers participated in this study. The lens of "funds of knowledge" was…

This paper poses three questions about early symbolic or pretend play. (1) How does the child's play differ when the child is alone or with his mother? (2) How does the mother influence her child's play? (3) What are the long-term consequences of joint mother-child play? A study conducted with 32 mother-child pairs equally divided by sex of child…

The study compared conversations of mothers with language impaired children--LIC--(4-6 years old) to conversations of mothers with linguistic achieving children. The experimental group consisted of 8 mother-child dyads, and 2 control groups consisted of 16 dyads, matched to chronological and linguistic age. Each dyad was recorded in two versions…

The paper reports on the evaluation of Project ESPIRIT (Educational System in Parenting for the Retarded with Infants and Toddlers), a home based program for normal children of retarded mothers. Research problems are cited, such as instability of the experimental group. Preliminary results of analysis of four treatment variables and the criterion…

Three Downs Syndrome children (1 to 4 years old) and their mothers and four graduate student clinicians participated in a study of adult-child interaction and child comprehension. Mothers were asked to assess their child's comprehension in informal preliminary interviews, children were tested for early-developing linguistic comprehension, and both…

Situational socialization goals were investigated as determinants of parental choice of disciplinary technique. It was predicted that parents would tend to use techniques such as reasoning when they had long-term compliance goals for their children and power-assertive techniques when they had short-term compliance goals. A total of 64 mothers and…

This study tests the hypothesis that men's and women's psychological commitment to parenting and work exerts an influence on their expectations for and perceptions of their children's behavior. Subjects were 104 fathers and 194 mothers, each with a preschool child, who were employed in a wide range of occupations. Data were collected by means of…

Longitudinal studies of mother-child interactions for the third trimester of pregnancy to age 4 are described. The effort is aimed at analyzing early childhood data to determine stability of mother-infant interaction, correlations among mothers' character as defined by adaptive and maladaptive defenses, major conflicts, sense of reality, and…

To compare disciplinary techniques within families spanning three generations, 24 maternal grandmothers and 24 mothers independently selected rewarding and punishing consequences for their children's correct and incorrect responses on an age-appropriate learning task. The children's behaviors were experimentally controlled so that performances…

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of systematic trends in the successfulness of children's performance upon subsequent parental disciplinary actions. A total of 30 mothers 24 to 45 years of age and their sons, ages 4 to 7.5 years, participated. Mothers were provided with predetermined sequences of trial-by-trial information about…

Patterns of social interaction were compared between four deaf blind children (3 to 5 years old) and their mothers and a matched group of four normal children (1 month to 19 months old) and their mothers in terms of amount of interaction, modalities used, affective quality, and contingent response patterns. Videotaped home interactions were coded…