Intelligent tutoring systems are adaptive learning environments designed to support individualized instruction. The adaptation embedded within these systems is often guided by user models that represent one or more aspects of students' domain knowledge, actions, or performance. The proposed project focuses on the development and testing of user…

This paper reports findings from a multi-year study of the scale-up of Reading Apprenticeship (RA), an approach to improve academic literacy by helping teachers provide the support students need to be successful readers in the content areas. WestEd's Strategic Literacy Initiative (SLI), began developing the program in 1995 and has since reached…

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of systematic instruction with cloze tasks on the reading achievement of primary grade children. The cloze procedure was selected as an instructional strategy because of the close relationship of the cloze procedure to the psycholinguistic model of the reading process. Twenty-two first and nine…

The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of the reasons why a model change for servicing children with specific learning needs was recommended for the St. Anthony Village-New Brighton School District, an overview of the Resource Unit model proposed, and a summary report of the Resource Units within a small district's elementary and…

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a systematic teaching approach known as the General Teaching Model for instructing college students in reading. The model consists of identifying appropriate objectives for the student, pre-assessment prior to beginning instruction, instructional procedures designed to help the learner achieve the…

This study investigated improvement in reading/language arts test performance by non-transient learners in three accelerated schools. The sample included sixth-grade students who remained in the same accelerated school for at least four years. The third and fifth grade readers' scores on Louisiana's criterion-referenced test were used in this…

The model for the reading and study skills center at the University of Montana is based on the individualized and classroom techniques that have been successful with university students. The center offers two courses: increasing reading effectiveness and improving reading and study skills. The first is designed to improve reading achievement,…

This paper describes the instructional design and development of a college critical reading course based on a prescriptive and systematic five-step design model derived from instructional psychology. Emphasis is on the first three steps of instructional design: instructional problem analysis, determination of instructional objectives, and…

A study was conceived to develop, implement, and evaluate the Structural-Response Instructional Model for increasing reading/thinking skills through written responses to a text's macrostructure. The study sought to determine: (1) if writing activities increased students' reading comprehension, (2) if the model effectively increased reading…

The practice of teaching reading should be based on the nature and dignity of human beings. The major problem in the study of reading is that the reading model on which pedagogy is based is inconsistent with this view of persons. The view that reading is a skills-determined, linear process in which readers decode, process, and retrieve information…

Noting that use of the reading-related components of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) by state education agencies has ranged from extensive to moderate to limited, this paper presents case studies of the ways in which states have used the NAEP models. The first half of the paper describes extensive use by Minnesota and…

The orthodox view of reading as the accumulation of isolated skills continues to dominate classroom practice. Under this framework, prescriptions for problem readers usually involve intensified drills in the same basic skills to which the students failed to respond in the first place. Prevention entails the early and often precipitous examination…

Intended for use mainly by secondary school teachers of students with low reading achievement, the Reading to Learn (RTL) model provides the teacher with a way to assess, prescribe, adjust for individual differences, and develop reading skills while teaching content. An informal screening test (IST), the first step, determines which students are…

A study examined whether writing modeled from children's picture books would improve reading comprehension of fourth and fifth graders as much as traditional skills instruction. Subjects, 69 children reading at least one year below grade level from six Chapter 1 Colorado schools, were pretested for reading comprehension levels. Subjects were then…