During the final years of the nineteenth century, among the leaders of the American Froebelian kindergarten movement were three dual-career couples who exemplified the concept of egalitarian marriage: John Kraus and Maria Kraus-Boelte, William and Eudora Hailmann, and Ada Morean Hughes and John Hughes. This paper focuses on the way these six…

The labor force participation of women with young children has increased dramatically in recent years, stimulating research concerning how perceptions of a woman's competence and personality are affected by her employment and family roles. Relatively little is known, however, about perceptions of women with very young children. This study explored…

American stereographs of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are discussed in the context of the Victorian stylized stereotype of women which they so graphically capture. Stereograph cards and early motion pictures from the Library of Congress were the major sources studied. Stereograph cards were as ubiquitous in their time as television is…

The newly-emerging phenomenon of dual-career marriages was investigated using four major life roles--Professional, Spouse, Parent, and Self as Self-Actualized Person. Six scales were constructed to measure potential conflict in areas represented by specific pairs of these roles (e.g., the area of Professional versus Parent). One major purpose of…

This paper views the interrelatedness of political, economic, and family systems as they are being affected by the growing awareness of sex discrimination. The reduction in sex inequalities throughout the world, regardless of political or economic orientation, will necessitate a new perception of the woman's role in the family unit. The hypothesis…

Previous research has shown that among married couples, housewives experience the highest levels of psychological distress, employed husbands the least, and employed wives experience levels of stress somewhere in between. This study examines whether employed wives' symptomatology can be explained by the extent of their influence within the…

While women are more involved in work outside the home and changes in traditional role orientations are occurring, the nature and extent of such changes remain unclear. A questionnaire was administered to 126 male and 94 female college students to examine their career, marriage, and family expectations. The results indicated that although career,…

The document describes research on womens' attitudes toward abortion and their decision-making when pregnant leading to either birth or abortion. The objective was "to explore how womens' perceptions of the option of legal abortion have affected their pregnancy decision-making behavior" and to note the impact of their particular choices on their…

A recently published national profile of caregivers of the frail elderly suggests potentially negative consequences of caregiving for work and employment for as many as one-third of the employed caregivers in a large 1983 sample. The study was undertaken to explore a comprehensive set of issues on informal caregiving and to determine the extent to…

Recent research suggests that working men experience as much work-family conflict as women do. More men are doing housework and childcare, and feel that family is as important as their work. An attempt was made to determine how college seniors view their potential for managing work-family conflict. College students (N=324) attending a private…

As more women choose to reenter college or seek employment, marital and family systems undergo change. From an initial sample of 251 women who participated in a reassessment series conducted between 1973 and 1977, 24 women who had chosen to reenter college or initiate careers were selected for follow-up interviews. Women (N=12) who had divorced…

A study was conducted to test the following hypotheses concerning division of household labor (DOHL) between husbands and wives: (1) the division of household labor is somewhat affected by the availability of time, especially the wife's time; (2) there are strong effects of relative power, as measured by market-related resources, marital…

As part of a larger effort to determine marital and procreative trends in the South, an historical comparison was made of two samples of Northeast Alabama high school seniors. Similar questionnaires were group administered to all seniors present on the prescribed contact day in 19 randomly selected high schools in 1966 and again in 1972. The study…

This paper reports on individual, semistructured interviews with 10 women academics in the field of higher education, who volunteered information about the contributions of spouse or partner on factors associated with scholarly publishing productivity. After a brief review of the literature related to the relationships between marriage,…

Family policy makers must first understand changes taking place and factors influencing Australian society so that they can then ease the burden on the disadvantaged poor. Growing affluence, increasing de-institutionalization of women's roles, later marriage, delayed and smaller families and an elongated family life duration are among the trends…