The four sections of this paper outline changes in UNICEF programs from their inception in 1946 to recent initiatives circa 1983. The first section delineates shifts in program emphasis, showing how the organization's focus has moved from meeting the emergency needs of post-World War II European children toward addressing the long-term needs of…

In this paper, one of a series of Unesco technical reports, the author examines the idea of "technical cooperation among developing countries" (TCDC) and how it might lead to a "new international economic order" (NIEO). The first part of the paper contains a short history of TCDC. TCDC is seen by many as a self-help cooperative…

The 1971 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) resolution establishing a working group on developing countries has brought about one of the more successful and dramatic changes for IFLA in its relationship with the third world. Its reputation has been transformed from a generally European-American orientation to that of a truly…

This report surveys the development of librarianship in West Africa since 1954, focusing primarily on the production of professional library literature in Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, the five countries which constitute the sub-region of English-speaking West Africa. An overview of library developments is presented, and three…

An overview of libraries in developing nations examines in general terms their historical development during their colonial and post-independence periods and discusses the more salient factors affecting development. These factors include language, distribution of population, topography, poor communication, level of formal education, illiteracy,…

Micronesians are in the throes of cultural and structural assimilation and it appears that integrating Micronesia into American social, political and economic structures is United States policy. Several cultures have been transmitted in Micronesia, one native, others superimposed from the West and from Japan; and there are three stages in terms of…

Spanish American political and economic development has historically diverged from the other Western geographic areas. The economic systems of these nations have been characterized as dependent, and their political systems have reflected instability, authoritarian rule, and fraudulent democracy. In Peru, industrial progress began in the late 19th…

This paper uses experiences in Pakistan to address issues in the application of European-based principles of disability-related concepts and services to cultures in South Asia, especially Pakistan and India. Emphasis is on understanding the South Asian conceptual world of disability so that "development" rather than "transfer"…

This paper examines bureaucratic resistance to implementing policy mandates on sex equity. Three facets of a women's program are examined: 1) the legislative and organizational history of Women in Development (WID) within the Agency for International Development (AID); 2) the resources available to the WID Office within the context of AID…

Colonial educational development viewed education as: 1) means of training an elite to maintain the imported political/economical system; 2) a vehicle for creating individuals thoroughly conversant with alien values; 3) a commodity for the few of intellectual capability; 4) a broad based entity predicated upon literature, science, math, and…

The two papers in this section focus on the bibliographic control of sound recordings, primarily phonograph records. In the first, "The National Discography for the United Kingdom," Christopher Roads discusses the problem of lack of easily accessible and up-to-date information about the growing collection of new sound recordings as they…

This paper reviews research and evaluates information gathered on disabilities and service development in South Asia, especially India and Pakistan. The concept of "community-based rehabilitation" (CBR), which stresses the need for rehabilitation efforts rooted in the context of local cultural concepts, is discussed. The paper emphasizes…

This paper briefly discusses television reform in five Latin American countries where media reform occurred at roughly the same time, i.e., Peru, Chile, Venezuela, Mexico, and Brazil. The development of television in Colombia, where no reform occurred, is compared with television development in the other countries. The main causes that gave rise…

This paper begins with a review of the literature that addresses the broad concerns of youth and media, with particular focus on children and adolescents, then moves on to explain the purpose of this specific study, i.e., to determine the nature of Nigerian young people's access to/use of television and to the competing media of radio and…

This paper, one of a series of Unesco technical reports, discusses agricultural production in Latin America and the Caribbean and examines the role played by education in the region. Written in Spanish, the paper consists of four parts. Part I deals with the different types of agricultural production and examines the historic origins and…