As two-way immersion (TWI) programs continue to grow in the U.S., it is urgent that teachers counter deficit ideologies about bilingual children who come marginalized backgrounds. Neoliberalism ideologies have contributed to the growth of TWI programs because parents from mostly white and upper middle-class backgrounds see the economic/global…

This study draws on research regarding content-based second language instruction and metalinguistic awareness, and observes a teacher who attempted to put the concomitant ideologies into practice. The research questions used to guide this study were as follows: a) How does a third grade bilingual teacher encourage and promote student linguistic…

Using an adaptation of a miscue taxonomy developed by Cziko, a study compared the reading performance of: (1) English-monolingual and bilingual third-grade students reading in English; (2) Spanish-monolingual and bilingual third-grade students reading in Spanish, and (3) bilingual third-grade students reading in Spanish and English. The subjects…

The paper describes and examines the interaction of a group of Spanish readers engaged in a reading comprehension activity, specifically, the interaction as they put to paper an answer to a reading comprehension question. The study is a satellite study affiliated with an ongoing project examining the use of cooperative learning in elementary…

A study examined how two third-grade bilingual (Mexican-American) students resisted, appropriated, and/or internalized a whole language curriculum and the relationship between student interaction with and response to the whole language curriculum and their literacy development. Participant-observer ethnographic field notes recorded over an entire…

A study investigated spelling error patterns in native Spanish-speaking students of English as a Second Language to determine the degree to which errors can be attributed to phonological patterns. Specifically, it examined (1) which spellings can be attributed to differences in voicedness of consonants, and (2) whether the voicedness can be used…

The enhanced metalinguistic abilities demonstrated by additive-bilingual children, including superior control of cognitive processing, may promote the development of symbolic reasoning. Children educated in additive-bilingual (immersion) settings may maintain normal native-language development, while acquiring a second language. This study…

The study reported in this paper describes the first school encounters of four Hmong third-graders and their difficulties in adjusting to classroom learning activities. Three boys and one girl were chosen for observation. Two of the boys were classified as learning disabled, and the other two children were being considered for recommendation to…

A study consisting of two parts is reported. The first investigated the extent to which effective-teacher characteristics discussed in the literature were considered by parents and administrators to be salient in bilingual education. The second examined the extent to which students exhibited behavior suggesting they had received effective…

To determine the effect of books in Spanish and free reading time on reading abilities and attitudes of Hispanic students, 114 Hispanic children enrolled in grades 2 (Level I), 3 and 4 (Level II) in Tempe, Arizona, were placed in either experimental groups or control groups. Teachers in the experimental classes (E) were provided with books in…

This study investigated the effectiveness of two English second language (ESL) teaching methodologies commonly used in bilingual classrooms: concurrent translation, often criticized but widely practiced, and dual language preview-review, which combines introductory and follow-up exercises in the first language and lesson teaching in the second…

This study examined the relationships among a set of psychosocial variables (academic competence, physical appearance, self-worth, and motivation) and between the psychosocial variables and academic achievement for 236 third grade and fifth grade native Spanish speakers and native English speakers enrolled in a bilingual immersion program since…

The Language Assessment Battery was administered to third to fifth grade limited English speaking students in New York City. Special techniques addressed two common problems in testing these populations: (1) language tests suitable for limited English speakers change their psychometric characteristics over time as the students' language ability…