In this speech the Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice discusses the impact of racial and sex discrimination on the nation. The author reflects on the high costs of discrimination, financially and socially, in terms of riot damage, underutilization of the work force, crime, and poor education. In…

In order to provide women educational researchers with equal opportunities, the author proposes that women's affirmative action plans with respect to educational research be instituted, and that the American Educational Research Association (AERA) play a central role in their institution. What is necessary in a women's affirmative action plan for…

A study was conducted to obtain information on the numbers and percentages of females and minorities in the administrations and faculties of public two-year colleges. The study involved a canvass of 33 public two-year colleges and a survey sent to all 50 state directors of public two-year colleges. Study findings, based on a composite of the…

This study examined whether female college freshmen have higher first-year retention rates when a greater percentage of their classes are taught by female faculty, especially students in science, math, and computer science (SMC) courses. Data from the admissions, course, and student files at Binghamton University (New York) were analyzed over a…

This paper uses Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 as a case study to explore the education field and the impact on civil rights legislation dealing with gender. The U.S. record in gender-equity legislation has been mixed, no doubt due in part to the fact that female representation in U.S. legislative bodies has been among the lowest in…

This paper reports on the development of a "change index" and its application in evaluating the relative performance of individual doctorate-granting universities in hiring and promoting women faculty. Employee data collected in the annual Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS) by the National Center for Educational…

The paper focuses on the relationship between educational research and educational policy, specifically the influence that "affirmative actions" in the policy arena can have not only on the nature of educational research but also on the kinds of participants (e.g., minority persons and women) in the educational research enterprise. A…

Examines validity of assumption that women and other under-representative groups in science have an edge in being hired and advanced, discussing academia's "tract record" and obstacles to full participation. Indicates that although advances have been made, inequities persist after hiring, such as in salaries. (Author/JN)

A study examined two models--increased opportunity and affirmative action--as proposed solutions to sex inequities in wage and occupational distribution. The Increased Opportunity Model assumes that increased economic opportunities will disproportionately benefit women and minorities because of their relative position in the labor force. The…

Qualified recreation professionals are abundant, particularly for administrative positions. However, many trained professionals have White, middle-class backgrounds which sometimes limit their understanding of the needs of low-income and minority neighborhoods. Blacks, women, and minorities can improve this situation if they can overcome economic…

Assessments of institutional effectiveness in affirmative action tend to take either a simple, bottom-line approach (tracking number and percentage of female/minority faculty) or a sophisticated multiple regression-based approach (evaluating rank or salary equity). Either approach may obscure or overlook positive changes occurring within…

As women enter nontraditional occupations and training programs, tokenism may develop and its side-effects of visibility, contrast, and assimilation may appear. Each of these effects was encountered by the first class of women cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1976, who received great visibility from the news media. This…

This paper is the result of a symposium called to discuss a two-year, multiuniversity development project which attempted to assist in advancing the role of women in education. The purpose of the project, commissioned by the University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA), was to design, develop, validate, and disseminate instructional…

The research, based on a March 1988 survey of all Ontario school boards (board and separate), was an attempt to identify and synthesize boards' employment equity/affirmative action policies and practices--in order to ensure that, ultimately, women are more equitably represented within the management positions in education. The findings of 52…

Data and observations on the proportions of women and minority group members in faculty and administrative positions in community colleges in the United States are presented. First, nationwide data from two 1979 studies are provided, indicating that 10% of the administrators and 9% of the faculty in all higher education institutions were minority…