Recent research has supported and extended earlier research on how and for how long Indigenous people of Australasia have been counting. This history values the long history of Indigenous knowledge and re-writes the limited and sometimes false history that many Australian teachers accept and teach about number systems. The current views on the…

This paper describes a design research study with ten second-grade students who are part of the Measure Up (MU) research and development project underway at the University of Hawai'i. Students were asked how they counted in multiple bases, specifically how they knew when to go to a new place value and why it was necessary to do so. All ten…

Reasons which account for Asians' superiority in mathematics achievement are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that the regularity of the Oriental number system facilitates counting, calculation, and concepts. This paper reviews a study which sought to determine whether and how the structural regularity of a counting system affected the…