Growing up and social self-determination of Russian youth (teenagers from 16 to 20 years old) takes place in a difficult time of the cultural and social changes. Modern Russian society is very heterogeneous: the level of social stratification is very high, there are significant territorial and ethno-cultural differences, and there are dynamic…

Past research suggests that Type A's have a higher need for control than Type B's, and empirical evidence documents their greater reactivity to control loss. To extend investigation to control decisions and examine the hypothesis that Type A's would be less willing than Type B's to relinquish control to another person, 160 male undergraduates were…

Previous research has indicated that Type A's have a higher need to control their environments, and respond more reactively to control loss than Type B's. To clarify the role of information processing in the control relinquishment decisions of Type A's and B's, 147 male and female college students took part in a problem solving experiment. Pairs…

Little is known about the reverse culture shock experience of Americans who have lived abroad. Many of these Americans are dependent youth who, after completing high school abroad, return to the United States for college; reverse culture shock may impact the academic experiences of these returnees. This study (n=66) examined the relationships…

There is a general consensus that international students are a high-risk group who have a far greater number of psychological problems than their counterpart U.S. students. International students experience a number of problems due to the massive adjustments they are required to make abruptly in their social and academic lives. A review of the…

Research has found that the need for personal space is greater for normal persons who are interacting with stigmatized persons, such as overweight people, and that one who is identified as deviant may be more sensitive to environmental cues and react more strongly to affective stimuli. To investigate the reactions to approach/distance among…

Most research in the area of attack-instigated aggression has examined the effect that different types and intensities of attacks have on promoting counteraggressive responses. Little research has been designed to identify why individuals counteraggress in response to attack or what can be done to deter attack victims from counteraggressive…

This study investigates the social interaction between foreign students and American students. Data were collected through interviews with foreign students and two roughly equivalent forms of a questionnaire; one designed for foreign students and the other for American students. Analysis of the data shows that although social contacts between the…

Research on interpersonal forgiveness has blossomed in counseling and moral education. The impact of receiving interpersonal forgiveness from another--the foreswearing of revenge and resentment toward a person who has hurt us--is examined here. Most theory and research in developmental, counseling, and educational psychology suggest that the…

This report describes a six-year study that was based on 333 questionnaire responses and 16 interviews with randomly selected, sexually active adults. Sections of the report discuss the methods used to select the sample, define the terms used in the questionnaire, and describe the actual questionnaire design. Among the findings presented are that…

Based on the definition of closeness as the degree to which an individual perceives another as understanding him, this study examines some of the dimensions that appear to affect the perception of closeness in dyads. The modes of interpersonal communication which were examined are self-disclosure, touch, and metarelationship communication.…

The relationship between interpersonal needs and communication in conflict management style messages was investigated in a study to discover the magnitude and direction of the relationship between three interpersonal needs--inclusion, control, and affection--and three styles of conflict management messages--focus on self, focus on issue, and focus…

The importance of human needs during the retrospective peacetime in 1990 and the Persian Gulf War in 1991 was examined among 564 college students in the United States. Results of factor analyses showed that during peacetime, two factors (higher-order and lower-order needs) were identified. During the war, all needs were rated as more important and…

The necessity of balancing the need for togetherness and the need for separateness in intimate relationships has been well documented in family research. To investigate cross national differences in the value placed on autonomy versus togetherness in close relationships, 2,079 college students from Hungary, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, the…

A study was undertaken at Loma Linda University to identify the psychological needs that motivate undergraduate students to seek nonrequired information, the sources they use, and any relationship between the needs and sources. A significant relationship was found between the motivating needs and the categories of sources used. (CDD)