The aim of the article is to analyse the dual role of Estonian local governments and their associations -- as providers of educational services and as customers of educational services. This is primarily a qualitative case study, which employs comparative and historical methods. Legislation, case law and relevant scientific literature, as well as…

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the late 1980s appeared to pursue its own agenda of broadcast deregulation, notwithstanding congressional pressures. The apparent power shift is evident in a case study of the interactions between Congress and the FCC on the subject of children's television. In the early 1970s, the FCC tended to…

Taiwan is trying to become an information society. The government is using various strategies to encourage schools to implement computer technology. In the 1980s, colleges and high schools began using computers. Junior high schools began this process in the mid-1980s. There is a lack of research on the influences of those government policies at…

A study examined the effects of the Children's Television Act of 1990 on television stations' freedom to schedule programs. Subjects were programming directors responsible for scheduling children's blocks in the Flint-Saginaw-Bay City, Michigan, TV market, the nation's 60th largest. The four program directors, whose stations were major network…

Star TV, the first international satellite broadcast system in Asia, has had a profound effect on national broadcasting systems, most of which are rigidly controlled, state owned monopoly organizations. The purpose of this paper was to study the response of national governments, media industries, and the general public to this multichannel direct…

Comparing the Nigerian press during the colonial period of British rule and the post-independence period, a case study examined two press laws: the Newspaper Ordinance No. 10 of 1903, and Decree No. 4 of 1984 (Public Officers Protection against False Accusation Decree). Using qualitative research methodology, the study investigated how the…

Discussed are the legislative evolution, nature, and impact of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 (the G.I. Bill) on higher education. Influences on this legislation are traced back to Thomas Jefferson, and parallels with other federal legislation are discussed. The specific provisions of the act are treated, and the pervasive impacts of…

Government's role differs according to whether it restricts itself to creating a structural framework within which institutional performance evaluation takes place or takes the evaluative task on itself. Process-directed and output-directed evaluation are compared, with examples given from the Netherlands. (Author/MSE)

In the late 1960's the Executive Branch of the Venezuelan government launched a massive reform of its mechanism of public administration in order to make it more supportive of the development needs of the country. This paper is an effort to analyze the process of organizational change as it takes place within one segment of the public…

More research is needed to explore the ways in which education reform can be considered an international as opposed to a national phenomenon. To meet this need, an examination of the language of recent large-scale education reform in Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand, and the United States is presented. The research looks at the main official…

The roles of urban community colleges, state universities, and state government in promoting the attainment of bachelor's degrees among urban community college students were investigated in the following urban settings: Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Miami, Newark, Philadelphia, Phoenix, St. Louis, and Tampa-St. Petersburg. In each city, the…

A 1983 case study of four rural Utah communities assesses the early phases of a United States Forestry Service rangeland project which has as one of its goals a systematic intervention to arrest the decline of rurality and reinforce it in communities impacted by construction of a nearby major electrical power plant. With 1980 populations that…

An overview of the historical roots of racism is presented, and the role of higher education within the institutional structure of American society is analyzed. Two case studies are reviewed in detail, along with the relevant political issues and change strategies to help remedy racism in America. A key dimension of racism involves education,…

This paper presents a literature review on governance and structure of higher education and a case study of a governance review in Nova Scotia (Canada), paying particular attention to the role of intermediary bodies between universities and governments. Types of governing structures are described. Issues in determining the ideal structure are then…

Nonformal education is any organized, systematic learning activity carried on outside the formal educational system and usually focused on improving participants' social and personal living, occupational capability, or vocational competency. Because it offers opportunity and participation to all in a non-threatening atmosphere and promotes rapid…