Investigated with a 26-year-old male graduate student were the immediate and long-term effects of social reinforcement and feedback on the incidence of stuttering. The S's speech dysfluencies were recorded under baseline and intervention conditions in three settings: two classes the S taught and a weekly hour-long conversation period with peers.…

Two theoretical schools have emerged within the field of communication focusing on the alleviation of dysfunctional communications such as speech anxiety, communication apprehension, and speech reticence. The communication anxiety-behavior therapy school regards excessive anxiety to be a primary factor in dysfunctional communication. This school…