For more than three decades, Morocco has been engaged in a major reform program in favour of gender equality. Several legal and institutional reforms have been adopted, and numerous policies to protect and promote women's rights in the socio-economic, political and educational spheres have been implemented. However, it turns out that unequal…

This paper examines the potential causes of gender exclusion and the tension women face within the military today by drawing upon Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to examine the interaction of mediating tools within the military, as well as cultural and historical factors, that inhibit gender inclusivity. Using this theory, contradictive…

This article explores theoretical and practical issues related to the impact of women's education in their empowerment. The development of women's education is discussed in this study. As women's education has become one of the key development objectives in the recent decades, the concept of empowerment has been tied to the range of activities…

Although women outnumber men in receiving PhDs, the pipeline to tenure track positions leaks, particularly for mothers. In fact, the leak continues into the granting of tenure and the achievement of promotion. While having children increases a man's chances at attaining tenure and advancement, mothering decreasing a woman's chances. Implications…

Two-year colleges in Japan have traditionally absorbed the major portion of female college entrants due at least partially to long-held gender stereotypes: women are to prepare themselves for marriage and homemaking at a two-year college. Recently, Japanese women began to explore selfhood outside the traditional realm of motherhood and womanhood.…

The influence of gender on computer-mediated communication is a research area with tremendous growth. This study sought to determine what gender effects exist in email communication between professors and students. The study also explored the amount of lying and misinterpretation that occurs through online communication. The study results indicate…

The first-person accounts of over 400 middle school students from five diverse schools suggest that three decades of gender equity efforts have fallen far short of their goals. Contrary to the backlash argument that girls are now the advantaged sex, or the perceptions of many adults that both girls and boys are treated fairly in school today,…

Gender disparity in education has usually been experienced as disadvantaging girls. Although this continues to be the case in many places, the phenomenon of boys' underachievement--both in terms of participation and performance--has also become an issue in a number of countries. This book reviews the research on boys' underachievement and presents…

In March 2004, the National Science Foundation funded a two-day workshop by the American Political Science Association (APSA) on the advancement of women in academic political science in the United States. The workshop was prompted by an alarming stall in the number of women entering the discipline and persisting through early years of faculty…