An ethnographic or anthropological perspective is useful for the reexamination of the assumptions and taken-for-granted nature of the practice of supervision. An indepth survey of literature on supervisors illustrates supervisory roles and the existence of a separate "supervisor culture". Specifically, the relationship between novice teachers and…

Several writers have suggested that a key to supervisor training is helping counselors assume the role and identity of a supervisor. In particular, they assert that a pivotal skill in this role transition is the cognitive shift from thinking like a counselor to thinking like a supervisor. This article focuses on one aspect of training that seems…

Maintaining effective leadership in vocational agriculture education with reduced resources will require change. Change is needed in four areas: effective leadership/reduced resources, communications/involvement, concerns, and use of others. In the area of effective leadership in an age of reduced resources, the responsibilities of supervisors in…

The impact of telecommunications on the development of interpersonal relationships has caused the traditional, centralized industrial management model--a highly rigid, top down, hierarchical communication system--to be replaced by a new decentralized communication model--a highly flexible, interdisciplinary network where people serve one another…

Analysis of the present preparation of the university supervisors of student teachers and examination of the essential knowledge, skills, attitudes, attributes, and experiences required of supervisors produces two recommendations for preparing effective supervisors: an internship and successful completion of a course designed especially for…

Although supervisors report important commonalities among beginning and more advanced psychotherapy trainees, individual differences in supervisees' background, personality, and ability are influential factors affecting the nature of the supervision process. For students who are just beginning to do psychotherapy, the overriding task is to manage…

Corporate communication trainers, consultants, and professional organizations develop programs to enhance communication skills for managers and supervisors with their employees. This paper proposes an argument for a communication training program that addresses the future organizational skill needs for middle managers. The paper states that this…

Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of student teacher supervisors are outlined, including defining the role and tasks of supervisors, creating an attitude of expectation and participation, and executing a process for analysis, interpretation, and application to change supervisory behavior. (JMF)

As new types of volunteers come into the field--working people, retirees, executives--new methods are needed to hold their interest and ensure their cooperation while preserving the goals of the organizations they serve. Some of those organizations, especially museums, are using volunteer service agreements to attract and hold volunteers and to…

This paper discusses the critical elements and offers corrective models of effective administrator preparation programs. It argues that such programs should promulgate the learning or "why" of theory, the "what" of research, and the "how" of practice. Only concomitant coursework in the liberal arts, the behavioral sciences, and research welded to…

The University of South Carolina (USC) Child Abuse and Neglect Interdisciplinary Training Project provides students with the opportunity to gain advanced knowledge and skills for work with maltreated children and families through didactic courses, practica, and community placements. The project involves interdisciplinary collaboration between…

Postmodernists have criticized modern conceptions of supervision as bureaucratic, hierarchical, and oppressive. This paper asserts that the postmodern proclivity to completely eschew expert supervision, evaluation, and judicious use of directive supervision is misguided, potentially limiting, and dangerous. The paper argues that collegial…

This paper presents an elaboration of the ethical standards for the American Association for Counseling and Development found under Section H: Preparation Standards, which gives an outline of the issues and responsibilities of particular concern to individuals supervising counselors-in-training. Standards are considered in the context of a…

Numerous reports calling for reform in education have resulted in trends showing greater emphasis toward practical preparation experiences in teacher education. Many teacher education programs now stress more hours of teacher preparation devoted to professional education curriculum, strengthened and longer clinical experiences, stronger guidelines…

The student teacher, practicum, or field experience student can fit readily into a whole language classroom even if he or she has not been trained to use the process. The teacher needs to take time to discover the student associate's strengths and abilities; time taken to examine these abilities and to consider how they might be mutually…