Last decade has seen some major impacts of feminism on institution of psychotherapy regarding theories, treatment techniques, and assessment instruments. Changes in attitudes toward women as therapists and as clients have reflected general advances of women's movement. Presented at American Psychological Association Convention, Toronto, Canada,…

Provides six presentations from the 38th National Conference of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors (NCAC), Minneapolis, MN, 1982. The topics focus on the need to: reestablish education as a national priority; examine the federal role in postsecondary education; assist transfer students; and help guidance personnel analyze…

The research literature suggests that the mental health professionals serving lesbians, gay men, and bisexual people may not be prepared to adequately address the unique needs of the population. There is a need to study the factors that influence the degree to which therapists attitudes and behaviors are affirmative toward their gay, lesbian, and…

The act of counselor self-disclosure has been regarded favorably by humanistic practitioners, while psychoanalytic figures have generally regarded the sharing of this type of information negatively. Counselor self-disclosure may be a useful means of eliciting reciprocal disclosure by the client or communicating that the counselor is willing to…

The literature on attitudes of health workers toward the elderly suggests three variables as contributing to the elderly patient's perception of helplessness in the health care setting. First, the health worker may age-stereotype the elderly person as dependent, low in competence, and unlikely to respond to treatment. Secondly, the disparity in…

The notion of relational control in therapy has evolved as a concept over the past 30 years. This paper reviews the evolution of the construct of relational control as it relates to counseling and therapy. It analyzes the various ways that relational control has been used in process research and explores the manner in which counselors and clients…

Conflict is part of human interaction. A review of some of the literature on the history, as well as on the educational and psychological impact of violence in South African schools, is provided here. It is suggested that intervention and prevention strategies to deal with the effect of violence include training to provide market-related skills to…

Responses to a writing therapy questionnaire by 25 psychologists indicated how and why they used writing in their work. Three-fifths of the psychologists used writing frequently, two-fifths infrequently. Most of the counselors reported that clients reacted quite positively to requests that they engage in writing. The most commonly used forms of…

This paper focuses on burnout in the helping professions and outlines steps that can be taken during counselor training to eliminate or reduce burnout. A discussion of the way in which the internal system of the counselor trainee can provoke burnout concentrates on issues of needs, expectations, and professional philosophy. Three burnout…

Numerous studies report that depression is the most common psychiatric disorder of the elderly. According to the behavioral view, depression results from inadequate, ineffective or insufficient positive reinforcement. In contrast, the cognitive position sees depression as a result of negative thinking about oneself, one's experience, and the…

This paper takes the position that shrinking resources and increasing accountability have forced counselors to reassess the role of evaluation. This new role should afford evaluation a higher priority so that it becomes as much a part of counseling as the interpersonal skills that currently form the bulk of counselor training programs. Some…

Some blatant forms of sex discrimination in education have been recognized and addressed in the last decade or so. However, judging both by graduate level counseling textbooks commonly in use and by counselor-educator and counselor-trainee behaviors commonly in practice, enlightenment about the potentially debilitating effects of language is still…

The women's movement has made counselors aware of ways that socialization, stereotyping and sexism negatively affect the female client. The effects of socialization and stereotyping are now being questioned for male clients. Counselors of men must understand their own gender-related attitudes and their potentially negative effects on male clients…

Skills training, personal-emotional development, and cognitive development are areas of importance in counselor training and education. Emotion, defined as the counselor's experiencing a strong feeling accompanied by physiological activity and the interruption, however momentary, of the counselor's ongoing cognition, is a critical factor in…

Although there are few studies that include empirical information on the subject of counseling American Indians, an informative and provocative literature base exists. The literature deals with appropriateness of techniques, the delivery of mental health services, the operation and programming of Indian service delivery units (including Indian…